CH₃COOH

Acetic acid, systematically named ethanoic acid, is a colourless liquid organic compound with the chemical formula CH₃COOH. When undiluted, it is sometimes called glacial acetic acid. Vinegar is no less than 4% acetic acid by volume, making acetic acid the main component of vinegar apart from water. 

There is an another category called Forest-based industries based on raw materials.
Pharmaceutical or medical industry comes under this category
Forest-based industries: These industries use raw materials from the forest like wood. The industries connected with forest are paper, pharmaceutical, and furniture.

Basis of bulk and weight of raw material:

(i)Heavy Industries-

(a) Brassware

(b) Ship building

(c) Automobiles

(d) Oil

(ii)Light Industries-

(a) Knitting needles

(b) Fuse wires

(c) Electric bulb

(d) Paint brushes

(e) Watches

 (f) Sewing machines

A single party system is where a single party has all the power and no opposition or any other party exists. This system is in china where communist party of china is the only party and competition is within the party to select president, prime minister or any other important posts. This is no where close to democracy and people's will is not the supreme.

In a multiparty system, the number of parties is unlimited. Anyone can establish a party if he meets necessary conditions. This is a true of democracy. This is observed in INDIA. We can observe many examples of new parties emerging (AAP most recent, TRS in telangana and many more). As of now there are more than 10000 registered political parties in India.
 

Below you will get a link to download the official books and Notes from CBSE for Class 10 IT CODE 402 2021. These notes and books provided below are official and the link is also official. You can download it with a single click this will surely help you in the preparation of your examination.

<a href="http://www.cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum21/publication/secondary/Employability_Skills10.pdf">Employability Skills Class 10 Book PDF by CBSE ( Download Now )</a>

<a href="http://www.cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum21/publication/secondary/X_Emplobility_Skills_Combined_book.pdf">Employability Skills Class 10 Notes PDF by CBSE ( Download Now )</a>

<a href="http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/Curriculum21/publication/secondary/402-IT_ClassX.pdf">IT Code 402 Class 10 Book PDF 2020-21 By CBSE (Download Now)</a>

Consecutive numbers are numbers that follows each other in order.

Define the numbers:

Find the sum of the squares of these 3 number:

Given that the sum is equal to 110:

Find the numbers:

Answer: The smallest positive integer is 5.

संदेश लेखन के उदाहरण.

संदेश लेखन का अर्थ है कि  ,, सूचना के आधार पर किसी को भी संदेश पहुंचा सकते है| हमारी रचनाओं में मूल्य और संदेश होता है|

संदेश लेखन

प्रिय छात्रों ,  

आप सभी छात्रों को सूचित किया जाता है कि अगले महीने विद्यालय की वार्षिक पत्रिका'अभिनव भारती लिखी जा रही है| सभी छात्रों से अनुरोध है कि स्व-रचित लेख, कविताएँ एवं कहानियाँ आदि लिखने के लिए इच्छुक छात्र अपना नाम अपनी मुख्य अध्यापक को लिखवा दें | आप सभी छात्र आमंत्रित है|  

आज्ञा से,

प्रधानाचार्य,

गोल्डन पब्लिक स्कूल,  

छतरपुर, दिल्ली |

संदेश लेखन

D.A.V पब्लिक स्कूल शिमला,

प्रिय छात्रों,

यह सूचना आपको सूचित करने के लिए है|

हमारा स्कूल सभी छात्रों के लिए इस शुक्रवार, 3 मई सोमवार को पिकनीक पर ले जाया जा रहा है |  पिकनीक का स्थान है धर्मशाला है| यह पिकनिक 4 दिन के लिए है|  

दिनांक- 3 मई सोमवार 2019,  फीस-2000  

इच्छुक छात्र इसकी अधिक जानकारी के लिए ऑफिस में आ कर पता कर सकते है|आप अपने नाम कक्षा के शिक्षक को बता सकते है |  

प्रधान अध्यापक,

D.A.V पब्लिक स्कूल शिमला|

संदेश लेखन के उदाहरण.

संदेश लेखन का अर्थ है कि  ,, सूचना के आधार पर किसी को भी संदेश पहुंचा सकते है| हमारी रचनाओं में मूल्य और संदेश होता है|

संदेश लेखन

प्रिय छात्रों ,  

आप सभी छात्रों को सूचित किया जाता है कि अगले महीने विद्यालय की वार्षिक पत्रिका'अभिनव भारती लिखी जा रही है| सभी छात्रों से अनुरोध है कि स्व-रचित लेख, कविताएँ एवं कहानियाँ आदि लिखने के लिए इच्छुक छात्र अपना नाम अपनी मुख्य अध्यापक को लिखवा दें | आप सभी छात्र आमंत्रित है|  

आज्ञा से,

प्रधानाचार्य,

गोल्डन पब्लिक स्कूल,  

छतरपुर, दिल्ली |

संदेश लेखन

D.A.V पब्लिक स्कूल शिमला,

प्रिय छात्रों,

यह सूचना आपको सूचित करने के लिए है|

हमारा स्कूल सभी छात्रों के लिए इस शुक्रवार, 3 मई सोमवार को पिकनीक पर ले जाया जा रहा है |  पिकनीक का स्थान है धर्मशाला है| यह पिकनिक 4 दिन के लिए है|  

दिनांक- 3 मई सोमवार 2019,  फीस-2000  

इच्छुक छात्र इसकी अधिक जानकारी के लिए ऑफिस में आ कर पता कर सकते है|आप अपने नाम कक्षा के शिक्षक को बता सकते है |  

प्रधान अध्यापक,

D.A.V पब्लिक स्कूल शिमला|

विज्ञापन लेखन करते समय –

1. एक बाक्स-सा बनाकर ऊपर मध्य में विज्ञापित वस्तु का नाम मोटे अक्षरों में लिखना चाहिए।
2. दाएँ एवं बाएँ किनारों पर सेल धमाका, खुशखबरी, खुल गया जैसे लुभावने शब्दों को लिखना चाहिए।
3. बाईं ओर मध्य में विज्ञापित वस्तु के गुणों का उल्लेख करना चाहिए।
4. दाहिनी ओर या मध्य में वस्तु का बड़ा-सा चित्र देना चाहिए।
5. स्टॉक सीमित या जल्दी करें जैसे प्रेरक शब्दों का प्रयोग किसी डिजाइन में होना चाहिए।
6. मुफ़्त मिलने वाले सामानों या छूट का उल्लेख अवश्य किया जाना चाहिए।
7. ऊपर ही जगह देखकर कोई छोटी-सी तुकबंदी, जिससे पढ़ने वाला आकर्षित हो जाए।
8. संपर्क करें/फ़ोन नं. का उल्लेख करें, जैसे- 011-23456789 आदि। अपना या सही फोन नं. देने से बचना चाहिए।

विज्ञापन लेखन के लिए छात्र यह उदाहरण देखें –
‘रक्षक’ हेलमेट बनाने वाली-कंपनी’ की बिक्री बढ़ाने के लिए विज्ञापन तैयार करना –

Ans : UNDP - United Nations Development Programme

Explanation: HDI stands for Human Development Index, which is the statistical mark of the life expectancy, education level, GDP per capita and various factors that decide the common lifestyle in a country.

HDI report is formulated by a committee created by the United Nations Development Programme, which is headed by the eminent Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and joined by several other economists of the world.

In England, penny chapbooks were carried by petty pedlars known as chapmen, and sold for a penny, so that even the poor could buy them.
इंग्लैंड में, पैनी चैपबुक को छोटेफेरीवाला द्वारा बनाया जाता था, जिन्हें चैपमैन के रूप में जाना जाता था, और एक पैसा बेचा जाता था, ताकि गरीब भी उन्हें खरीद सकें।

(i) The electronics industry covers a wide range of products from transistor sets to television, telephones, cellular telecom, papers, telephone exchange,radars, computers and many other equipment required by the
telecommunication industries. Bangalore is the electronic capital of India.Other centres are Mumbai, Delhi, Hyderabad, Pune, Chennai, Kolkata,Lucknow and Coimbatore.
(ii) 18 Software Technology Parks provide single window service and high data communication facility to software experts.
(iii) This industry has played a significant role in generating employment. Upto 31 March 2005, the IT industry employed over one million persons. This number has been increasing fast year after year.
(iv) This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last two or three years because of its fast growing Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
(v) The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of Information Technology industry in the country.

Primitive Subsistence Farming: This type of farming is practiced on small patches of land. Primitive tools and family/community labour are used in this type of farming. The farming mainly depends on monsoon and natural fertility of soil. Crops are grown as per the suitability of the environmental condition.

This is also called <i>‘slash and burn’</i> agriculture. A patch of land is cleared by slashing the vegetation and then the slashed plants are burnt. The ash; thus obtained is mixed with the soil and crops are grown.

The term ‘aqua regia’ is Latin for ‘royal water’.

Aqua regia is a very strong acid formed by the combination of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, both of which are strong acids.

It is generally used to remove metals like gold and platinum from substances, especially in microelectronics and micro-fabrications labs.

It is usually a yellow, reddish-orange, fuming liquid and has a rapidly changing composition.

It is primarily popular for its ability to dissolve gold, palladium and platinum, all of which dont react easily with chemicals.

The reason aqua regia can dissolve gold (and metals like platinum and palladium) is that each of its two component acids

(i.e., hydrochloric acid and nitric acid) carries out a different function. While nitric acid is an excellent oxidizing agent, the chloride ions from the HCl form coordination complexes with gold ions, thereby removing them from the solution.

The reduction of the concentration of Au³⁺ ions shifts the equilibrium towards the oxidized form.

The gold present in aqua regia dissolves completely to form chloroauric acid (HAuCl₄).

The striking surface of the matchbox contains red phosphorus and the head of the matchstick contains potassium chlorate. So when the matchstick is rubbed on the matchbox, some of the red phosphorus is converted to white phosphorus, a chemical i.e. so volatile that it ignites in air.

Metals react with water and produce metal oxides and hydrogen gas. The reaction depends upon the reactivity of metals.

Metals like potassium and sodium react violently with cold water. The reaction of calcium with water is less violent.

Magnesium does not react with cold water. It reacts with hot water to form magnesium hydroxide and hydrogen.

Metals like aluminium, iron and zinc do not react either with cold or hot water.

But they react with steam to form the metal oxide and hydrogen. Metals such as lead, copper, silver and gold do not react with water at all.

Non-metals do not displace hydrogen because they form negative ions by accepting electrons while hydrogen like metals forms a positive ion.

Therefore metals can displace hydrogen while non-metals cannot.

Highly reactive metals like Sodium reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid according to the following equation:

2Na (s) + 2HCl (aq) → 2NaCl (aq) + H₂ (g)

Hydrogen bubbles will be forming in the solution.

Writing in ionic form:-

2Na (s) + 2H⁺¹ (aq) + 2Cl^-1 (aq) → 2Na⁺¹ (aq) + 2Cl^-1 (aq) + H₂ (g)

Both the sodium atoms are neutral.

But hydrogen on the reactants side has +1 charge whereas in product side it is neutral.

Therefore Na donates one electron to each of hydrogen ion.

Less reactive metals like Zinc reacts with dilute acids.

Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → ZnCl₂ (aq) + H₂ (g)
It doesnt matter which metal or which acid is used, if there is a reaction we always get hydrogen gas as well as the salt.

However, how quickly the reaction goes depends on the metal used and how high up in the reactivity series it is.

The term ‘aqua regia’ is Latin for ‘royal water’.

Aqua regia is a very strong acid formed by the combination of concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid, both of which are strong acids.

It is generally used to remove metals like gold and platinum from substances, especially in microelectronics and micro-fabrications labs.

It is usually a yellow, reddish-orange, fuming liquid and has a rapidly changing composition.

It is primarily popular for its ability to dissolve gold, palladium and platinum, all of which dont react easily with chemicals.

The reason aqua regia can dissolve gold (and metals like platinum and palladium) is that each of its two component acids

(i.e., hydrochloric acid and nitric acid) carries out a different function. While nitric acid is an excellent oxidizing agent, the chloride ions from the HCl form coordination complexes with gold ions, thereby removing them from the solution.

The reduction of the concentration of Au³⁺ ions shifts the equilibrium towards the oxidized form.

नेता जी की आँखों पर चश्मा नहीं था . यानी चश्मा तो था किन्तु चश्मा संगमरमर का नहीं था . एक सामान्य के चश्मे का चौड़ा काल फ्रेम को पहना दिया था . हालदार साहब को यह तरीका पसंद आया