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11. | नीचे 2 गद्यांश दिए गए हैं। किसी 1 गद्यांश को ध्यानपूर्वक पढ़िए और उस पर आधारित प्रश्नों के उत्तर दीजिए: गद्यांश-1 यदि आप इस गद्यांश का चयन करते हैं तो कृपया उत्तर-पुस्तिका में लिखें कि आप दिए गए गद्यांश-1 पर आधारित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिख रहे हैं। उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी से पहले, मानव और पशु दोनों की आबादी भोजन की उपलब्धता तथा प्राकृतिक विपदाओं आदि के कारण सीमित रहती थी। कालांतर में जब औद्योगिक क्रांति के कारण मानव सभ्यता की समृद्धि में भारी वृद्धि हुई तब उसके परिणामस्वरूप कई पश्चिमी देश ऐसी बाधाओं से लगभग अनिवार्य रूप से मुक्त हो गए। इससे वैज्ञानिकों ने अंदाज़ा लगाया कि अब मानव जनसंख्या विस्फोटक रूप से बढ़ सकती है। परन्तु इन देशों में परिवारों का औसत आकार घटने लगा था और जल्दी ही समृद्धि और प्रजनन के बीच एक उलटा संबंध प्रकाश में आ गया प्रश्न संख्या 1 में था। जीवविज्ञानियों ने मानव समाज की तुलना जानवरों की दुनिया से कर इस सम्बन्ध को समझाने की कोशिश की और कहा कि ऐसे जानवर जिनके अधिक बच्चे होते हैं, वे अधिकतर प्रतिकूल वातावरण में रहते हैं और ये वातावरण प्रायः उनके लिये प्राकृतिक खतरों से भरे रहते हैं। चूंकि इनकी संतानों के जीवित रहने की संभावना कम होती है, इसलिए कई संतानें पैदा करने से यह संभावना बढ़ जाती है कि उनमें से कम से कम एक या दो जीवित रहेंगी। इसके विपरीत, जिन जानवरों के बच्चे कम होते हैं, वे स्थिर और अनुकूल वातावरण में रहते हैं। ठीक इसी प्रकार यदि समृद्ध वातावरण में रहने वाले लोग केवल कुछ ही बच्चे पैदा करते हैं, तो उनके ये कम बच्चे उन बच्चों को पछाड़ देंगे जिनके परिवार इतने समृद्ध नहीं थे तथा इनकी आपस की प्रतिस्पर्धा भी कम होगी। इस सिद्धांत के आलोचकों का तर्क है कि पशु और मानव व्यवहार की तुलना नहीं की जा सकती है। वे इसके बजाए यह तर्क देते हैं कि सामाजिक दृष्टिकोण में परिवर्तन इस घटना को समझाने के लिए पर्याप्त हैं। श्रम-आश्रित परिवारों में बच्चों की बड़ी संख्या एक वरदान के समान होती है। वे जल्दी काम कर परिवार की आय बढ़ाते हैं। जैसे-जैसे समाज समृद्ध होता जाता है, वैसे-वैसे बच्चे जीवन के लगभग पहले 25-30 सालों तक शिक्षा ग्रहण करते हैं। जीवन के प्रारंभिक वर्षों में उर्वरता अधिक होती है तथा देर से विवाह के कारण संतानों की संख्या कम हो जाने की संभावना बनी रहती है। 5x|=5
  • 0 answers
  • 1 answers

Anu Yadav 5 years, 2 months ago

From Amazon kindle
  • 5 answers

Ashish Karki 5 years, 2 months ago

He asked me weather I had done my homeworj.

Sunny Ghorriwal 5 years, 3 months ago

He asked me if/whether I had done that work.

Kiran Kumari 5 years, 3 months ago

He asked me whether I had done that work.

Kiran Kumari 5 years, 3 months ago

He asked me if he had done that work.

Tanu Srivastava 5 years, 3 months ago

He asked me had I done that work
  • 5 answers

J Harigovind 4 years, 9 months ago

What is the question

Prachi Shukla 5 years, 2 months ago

Question kya h

Aditya Sharma 5 years, 2 months ago

What is your question?

Sparsh Dahiya 5 years, 2 months ago

What is your question ?

Rohit Singh 5 years, 2 months ago

What is your question?
  • 5 answers

Yuvraj Bankawat 5 years, 1 month ago

For sketching

Bishpreet Kaur 5 years, 2 months ago

For sketching.. and for it's outline..

Abhishek Singh 5 years, 2 months ago

For making drawing beautiful
I don't know

# Anushka Negi 5 years, 3 months ago

5B ✏️pencil is used in shading in drawings
  • 4 answers

Neha Rani 4 years, 11 months ago

These type of pencil are very thick Eg. For a pot side line shading it is very useful

Tanishka Puri 5 years ago

green in colour hoti hai .ye shading ,sketching or aachi drawings banane ke liye hoti hai ye ek specific pencil hai jo aachi sketching ke liye or shading ke liye use hoti hai isliye inhe drawing pencils bhi bolte hai

The Unique 5 years, 1 month ago

Its Thick and darker...

# Anushka Negi 5 years, 3 months ago

5B pencil tip is so thick
  • 2 answers

Tanishka Puri 5 years ago

paper collage ye activity hoti hai isme hume newspaper ? lekar uske chote pieces karkar usko ek shape m lage do jaise ek cup ,bottle ke shape isse paper collage bolte hai .ye koi drawing ya phir sketching nhi hoti ye ek activity hoti hai ( paper + glue + water )use hota hai isme

Aastha Singh 5 years, 2 months ago

Paper collaage is a painting in which We used paper painting colour fevi gum cutted picture and then we put it in a collaage sheets
  • 2 answers

Akshata Jadhav 4 years, 8 months ago

Yaa you are write why are you asking questions in painting section.❓

Megha ... 4 years, 9 months ago

Excuse me but this is painting section if I'm not wrong and this question has nothing to do with it
  • 1 answers

Gaurav Seth 3 years, 11 months ago

The Proposal is a one-act play that begins with a young man, Lomov presenting a marriage proposal to his neighbour’s daughter. Before he could actually convey it to the girl, they enter into an argument about Oxen Meadows. Chubukov, the lady’s father also joins the heated discussion. After they end this, they enter into another argument about their dogs and which one is better than the other. In the midst of all this, proposal gets forgotten until Lomov falls off due to his palpitations and Chubukov instantly puts her daughter’s hands in Lomov’s. Unfortunately, the quarrelling still continues.

  • 2 answers

Good Day 5 years, 2 months ago

भावाचक संज्ञा होती है न की सर्वनाम

Arya Rai 5 years, 3 months ago

Sukh bhav vachak sarvnaam hai
  • 2 answers

Kiran Kumari 5 years, 3 months ago

Sorry cosA=1 Proved

Kiran Kumari 5 years, 3 months ago

Cos2A_3CosA+2=2sin2A Cos2A_3cosA+2=2 (1_cos2A) Cos2A_3cos +2=2_2cos2A 3cos2A_3cosA=0 3cosA (cosA_1)=0 CosA_1=0 CosA=0 L.H.S=R.H.S
  • 3 answers

Malaika Sharma 5 years, 2 months ago

Nothing is deleted in Chapter-9(Maths)

Ff_Girl Tannu 5 years, 2 months ago

Kuch bhi cut nhi hua

Sunny Ghorriwal 5 years, 3 months ago

Koi nhi Hua Hai cut
  • 3 answers

Raj Kote 5 years, 3 months ago

What is electromagnetic induction give two examples

Purodha Praslay 5 years, 3 months ago

When an element are arranged in order of increase order of atomic mass and the property of first element similar to eight element

Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago

  • In 1864, Newlands arranged the known 56 elements in the order of increasing atomic masses.
  • He observed that the properties of every eighth element are similar to the properties of the first element.
  • Based on this observation, he proposed the Law of Octaves for the classification of elements.
  • Law of Octaves: When the elements are arranged in the increasing order of their atomic masses, the properties of every eighth element are similar to the first.

  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago

Ap=BP     ....(length of tangents from external point to circle are equal)

∠A=∠B=90o      .... (Tangent is ⊥ to radius) 

OP=OP        .... (common side)

∴△AOP≅△BOP    ....(RHS test of congruence)

∠APO=∠BPO=30o→c.a.c.t

∠AOP=∠BOP=60o→c.a.c.t

△AOP is 30o−60o−90o triangle.

∴△AOP, 

cos60=OPOA​

OP= ​a/ 1/2​=2a 

  • 2 answers

Isha Sharma 5 years, 2 months ago

It should be...comment tu t'appelle

Sumaila Ali Choudhary??? 5 years, 3 months ago

Mene abhi french seekhni start ki h agr koi glti ho to bta dena ,,.....???
  • 5 answers

Reema Janu 5 years, 2 months ago

When the mutual exchange of ions takes place between the reactants is called double displacement reaction. CuCl2+2AgNO3=Cu( NO3)2+2AgCl

Aashutosh Kumar 5 years, 3 months ago

Exchange of ions in chemical reactions between two reactants making new compound are said to be double displacement reactions

Purodha Praslay 5 years, 3 months ago

Those reaction in which new compound /element formed by exchange of ions.

Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago

Double Displacement Reaction:Reactions in which ions are exchanged between two reactants forming new compounds are called double displacement reactions.

<i>AB + CD → AC + BD</i>

Example: When solution of barium chloride reacts with the solution of sodium sulphate, white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed along with sodium chloride.

<i>BaCl2 + Na2SO4 → BaSO4 + 2NaCl</i>

Daksh Varshney 5 years, 3 months ago

Ffgggdfxc
  • 1 answers

Yogita Ingle 5 years, 3 months ago

Let us have a detailed look at the different parts of the respiratory system and their functions.

Nose

The nose possesses a couple of exterior nostrils, which are divided by a framework of cartilaginous structure termed as the septum. This is the structure that evenly separates the right nostril from the left nostril. Tiny hair follicles that cover the interior lining of nostrils acts as the body’s first line of defence against foreign <a href="https://byjus.com/biology/pathogen/">pathogens</a>. Furthermore, they provide additional humidity for inhaled air.

Larynx

Two cartilaginous chords lay the framework for the larynx. They are situated at the point of joining the pharynx and trachea. It is also termed as Adam’s apple or the voice box. It is the portion which rises and falls during swallowing of food particles. It generates sound as air passes through the hollow in the middle.

Pharynx

The nasal chambers open up into a wide hollow space termed as the pharynx. It is a common path for both air and food. It functions by preventing the entry of food particles into the windpipe. The epiglottis is an elastic cartilage, which serves as a switch between the larynx and the oesophagus by allowing the passage of air into the airway to the lungs, and food in the <a href="https://byjus.com/biology/gastrointestinal-tract/">gastrointestinal tract</a>.

Have you ever wondered why we cough when we eat or swallow?

Talking while we eat or swallow results in incessant coughing. The reason behind this reaction is the epiglottis. It is forced to open for the air to exit outwards and the food to enter into the windpipe, triggering a cough.

Trachea

The trachea or the windpipe rises below the larynx and moves down to the neck. The walls of trachea comprise C-shaped cartilaginous rings which give hardness to the trachea and maintain it by completely expanding. The trachea extends further down into the breastbone and splits into two bronchi, one for each lung.

Bronchi

The trachea splits into two tubes termed as bronchi, which enter each lung individually. The bronchi divide into secondary, tertiary, and to bronchioles, which is again further divided into small air-sacs called the alveoli. The alveoli are minute sacs of air with thin walls and single-celled manner. It enables the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide molecules into or away from the bloodstream.

Lungs

Lungs are the chief centres of the respiration in humans and other vertebrates. They are located in the thoracic cavity of the chest near the backbone and on either side of the heart. They are the pair of large, spongy organs, mainly involved in the exchange of gases between the blood and the air. Compared to the left lung, the right lung is quite bigger and heavier.

  • 3 answers

Mohit Ahirwar 5 years, 2 months ago

Please report this question

Kunal Dagar 5 years, 2 months ago

Shai h??

Rajat Kumar 5 years, 2 months ago

QUES LIKHNA NAHI AAATAAA KYA, U DUMB MINDED
  • 5 answers

Jagrati Sharma 4 years, 11 months ago

God bless everyone

# Anushka Negi 5 years, 3 months ago

Same to you

Versha Gahlyan 5 years, 3 months ago

Same to you

Baisa Hkm ?? 5 years, 3 months ago

Sm2u

Sumaila Ali Choudhary??? 5 years, 3 months ago

U 2

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