The three-tier system basically means that the government is divided into three levels each with its own level of jurisdiction on matters of governance. The three levels are as follows:
1)The central government - this is the level of government for the entire nation of India. Its jurisdiction is on the entire nation and is responsible for the whole country. It handles international matters for India as well.
2)The state government - this the level of government at the state levels. Its jurisdiction is on the state level and is in charge of the matters and affairs of the given state.
3)Panchayati Raj - this level of government is at the rural, village or municipality level. The Panchayati Raj are responsible for governance at the local and rural levels.

Main Features of Federalism :

(i) There are two or more levels of government. India has three levels.

(ii) Each level of government has its own jurisdiction in matters of legislation, taxation and administration even though they govern the same citizens.

(iii) Powers and functions of each tier of government is specified and guaranteed by Constitution.

(iv) The Supreme Court has been given power to settle disputes between federal governments.

(v) Fundamental provisions of Constitution cannot be altered by any one level of government. It applies to India also.

 (vi) Sources of revenue between different levels is specified by Constitution.

(vii) There is mutual trust and agreement between the government at different levels.

Major crops grown in India are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, tea, coffee, sugarcane, oil seeds, cotton and jute, etc. of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan

1. Primitive subsistence farming :

• It is practiced on small patches of land with the help of primitive tools like hoe, dao and digging sticks.
• It depends upon monsoon, natural fertility of the soil and suitability of other environmental conditions to the crops grown.
• It is also called “slash and burn” cultivation

2. Intensive subsistence farming :

• This type of farming is practiced in areas of high population pressure on land.
• It is done where high doses of biochemical inputs and irrigation are used for obtaining higher production.

3. Commercial farming :

• The main characteristic of this type of farming is the use of higher doses of modern inputs e.g., high yielding variety (HYV) seeds, chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides in order to obtain productivity.
• The degree of commercialization varies from region to region.
• For example: Rice is a commercial crop on Punjab and Haryana, but in Orissa, it is a
  subsistence crop.

The main features of sustainable development are:

1) it respects and cares for all kinds of life forms.
2) it improves the quality of the human life.
3) it minimises the depletion of natural resources.
4) it enables the communities to care for their own environment.

Major forms of power sharing in modern democracy are:

• Power sharing among different Organs of the Government: In democracy, power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Juduciary.This is known as distribution of power. No organ of the governemnt can e P xcercise unlimited power as each ower sharing among different Organs of the Government organ checks the others.
• Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self government.This is called vertical division of government.
• Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In India, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
• Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power. When no party gets a majority, two or more parties come together to form a governemnt. In a democracy, pressure and interest groups also have an indirect share in the governemnt's power.

Sri Lanka has witnessed rise of groups like LTTE. Belgium and Sri Lanka were both facing the problems of power sharing. In case of Belgium, the government opted for accommodation whereas the government in Sri Lanka supported majoritarianism. When one community in majority considers the others as inferior and enjoys all the rights then it's known as majoritarianism . In Sri Lanka it's adopted by passing an act in which Sinhala was made the official language .

Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) classified soils in 1953 as follows:

• Alluvial soils: The most fertile soil is the alluvial soil. Alluvial soil has been deposited by flowing rivers. It generally consists of minute particles of soil of various kinds mixed with salts and other minerals, and contains animal and vegetable matters in a state of complete decay.
• Black soils: Black soil is rich in calcium, potassium and magnesium but has poor nitrogen content. Crops like cotton, tobacco, chilly, oil seeds, jowar, ragi and maize grow well in it
• Red soils: Red soil are usually found in warm, temperate climate zones like India. These are derived from crystalline rock. These are usually poor growing soils with low nutrients and humus. These soils are very difficult for cultivation due to their low water holding capacity.
• Laterite soils: Laterite soil is formed due to intense leaching by rain water. Laterite soil is a rock type soil rich in iron and aluminium, and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
• Mountain soils: Mountain soils are formed due to the accumulation of organic matter which is derived from the forest growth.
• Desert soils: Most desert soils are called Aridisols (dry soil). These are porous sandy soils with low nitrogenous matter and humus.

The political conditions of Europe as follows :
(i) The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe.
(ii) In most countries, there were more job seekers than employment. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
(iii) Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine made goods from England, where industrialisation was more advanced than on the continent.
(iv) In these regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
(v) The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country.

There are four heart valves in the heart. They are:

1. The tricuspid valve, located between the right atrium and the right ventricle.
2. The pulmonary (pulmonic) valve, between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery.
3. The mitral valve, between the left atrium and left ventricle.
4. The aortic valve, between the left ventricle and the aorta.

• Extreme behavior according to the poem fire and Ice  shall lead its doers to two punishments.
• The punishment shall be in the extreme forms that is fire and ice.
• This is about the view of it by different people.
• The author of the poem states that there shall be a punishment for those who offend the norms.

Non cooperation movement was a mass movement which was launched by Gandhi in 1920. It was a peaceful and a non-violent protest against the British government in India. 

Programmes of the Non Cooperation movement were:

• Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
• People had to resign from their government jobs.
• People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.
• People had to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods.

The main aim of the Non Cooperation movement was the demand of 'Swaraj' or the self government. 

Plants wilt in the afternoon when due to high temperature the rate of evaporation and transpiration is high. The root uptake of water cannot match the amount of water that is being lost. This causes water content in plant parts to get low and hence they wilt. In the morning or evening when the temperature fall down the rate of evaporation and transpiration is less and the cell overcomes water deficiency by uptake by roots hence regaining freshness.