• Resentment at the British after the war: Indians thought that in return for the extensive support of manpower and resources they had provided to Britain during the First World War, they would be rewarded by autonomy at the end of the war. But the Government of India Act 1919 was dissatisfactory. In addition, the British also passed repressive acts like the Rowlatt Act which further angered many Indians who felt betrayed by the rulers despite their wartime support.
• Home Rule Movement: The Home Rule Movement started by Annie Besant and Bal Gangadhar Tilak set the stage for the non-cooperation movement. The extremists and the moderates of the INC were united and the Lucknow Pact also saw solidarity between the Muslim League and the Congress Party. The return of the extremists gave the INC a militant character.
• Economic hardships due to World War I: India’s participation in the war caused a lot of economic hardships to the people. Prices of goods began to soar which affected the common man. Peasants also suffered because the prices of agricultural products did not increase. All this led to resentment against the government.
• The Rowlatt Act and the Jallianwala Bagh massacre: The repressive Rowlatt Act and the brutal massacre at Jallianwala Bagh, Amritsar had a profound effect on the Indian leaders and the people. Their faith in the British system of justice was broken and the whole country rallied behind its leaders who were pitching for a more aggressive and firm stance against the government.
• The Khilafat Movement: During the First World War, Turkey, which was one of the Central Powers, had fought against the British. After Turkey’s defeat, the Ottoman caliphate was proposed to be dissolved. Muslims regarded Sultan of Turkey as their Caliph (religious head of the Muslims). The Khilafat movement was launched under the leadership of  Ali Brothers (Maulana Mohammed Ali and Maulana Shaukat Ali), Maulana Azad, Hakim Ajmal Khan, and Hasrat Mohani. It got the support from Mahatma Gandhi to persuade the British government not to abolish the caliphate. The leaders of this movement accepted the non-cooperation movement of Gandhiji and led a joint protest against the British.

रस – साहित्य का नाम आते ही रस का नाम स्वतः आ जाता है। इसके बिना साहित्य की कल्पना नहीं की जा सकती है। भारतीय साहित्य शास्त्रियों ने साहित्य के लिए रस की अनिवार्यता समझा और इसे साहित्य के लिए आवश्यक बताया। वास्तव में रस Ras काव्य की आत्मा है।

रस के अंग-रस के चार अंग माने गए हैं –

1. स्थायीभाव: कविता या नाटक का आनंद लेने से सहृदय के हृदय में भावों का संचार होता है। ये भाव मनुष्य के हृदय में स्थायी रूप से विद्यमान होते हैं। सुषुप्तावस्था में रहने वाले ये भाव साहित्य के आनंद के द्वारा जग जाते हैं और रस में बदल जाते हैं
2. विभाव: विभाव का शाब्दिक अर्थ है-भावों को विशेष रूप से जगाने वाला अर्थात् वे कारण, विषय और वस्तुएँ, जो सहृदय के हृदय में सुप्त पड़े भावों को जगा देती हैं और उद्दीप्त करती हैं, उन्हें विभाव कहते हैं।
3. अनुभाव: अनुभाव दो शब्दों ‘अनु’ और भाव के मेल से बना है। ‘अनु’ अर्थात् पीछे या बाद में अर्थात् आश्रय के मन में पनपे भाव और उसकी वाह्य चेष्टाएँ अनुभाव कहलाती हैं।
   जैसे-चुटकुला सुनकर हँस पड़ना, तालियाँ बजाना आदि चेष्टाएँ अनुभाव हैं।
4. संचारीभाव: आश्रय के चित्त में स्थायी भाव के साथ आते-जाते रहने वाले जो अन्य भाव आते रहते हैं उन्हें संचारी भाव कहते हैं। इनका दूसरा नाम अस्थिर मनोविकार भी है।
   चुटकुला सुनने से मन में उत्पन्न खुशी तथा दुर्योधन के मन में उठने वाली दुश्चिंता, शोक, मोह आदि संचारी भाव हैं।
   संचारी भावों की संख्या 33 मानी जाती है।

SELF Help Group are small groups of 15-20 members of rural people in particular women belonging to one neighbouhood who meet and saves regularly. The members of the group can take small loan to meet their needs on low interest rate.
Functioning:

• Most of the decisions regarding the savings and loan activities are taken by the group members.
• The group decides as regards the loans to be granted- the purpose, amount, interest to be
  charged, repayment schedule etc.
• Group is responsible for the repayment of the loan.
• Any case of non-repayment of loan, by any one member is followed up seriously by other members in the group.
• The SHG help borrowers overcome the problem of collateral.
• They provide timely loans for a variety of purposes and at a reasonable interest rate.
• The group provrdes a platform to discuss and act on a variety of social issues such as health, nutrition, domestic violence, etc.

Bholi was a simple, but sensitive girl. Unfortunately, she suffered from a head injury and small pox. It made her suffer all through her life. She couldn't speak till she was five. She stammered when she started speaking. The attack of smallpox had permanently disfigured her whole body leaving black pock marks.  She was a hard working and dedicated learner. With her teacher’s support, she grew to be confident, bold and independent. Seeing her teacher's faith in her abilities, she made efforts to improve herself. Her confident and bold attitude to raise her voice against a social evil proved that she was educated in true sense of terms. 

Valli (Valiyammai) is a very intelligent, sensitive, clever, self-respecting, fast-forward and courageous girl. She is only eight years old but looks more mature than her age. She has curiosity about things. Due to this curiosity, she starts traveling alone by bus.

She has a passion to fulfill her desire, so she saves money by reducing her daily expenses to raise the bus fare. It was not an easy task for an eight-year-old girl to control his small desires of eat and drink.

She is also self-respecting and hence pays the full fare of the bus and refuses to get help from the bus conductor. She is fast-forward and clever, so she also argues with the conductor of the bus.

She also has sensations and gets depressed upon seeing the dead calf and forgets her happiness and becomes calm.

She has courage so that only eight year old girl left the house for travelling alone without telling her mother.

Thus we can say that Valli (Valiyammai) is an intelligent, sensitive, clever, self-respecting, fast-forward and courageous girl.

Maddie belongs to a poor family . She is a very sensitive and emotional girl . She feels very sad when Wanda's father disclosed that he has withdrawn his daughter from the school . She has a very sick feeling in the bottom of her stomach

In between two elements X and Y,there are six elements which have similar properties and obey Newlands of law of octaves.

Ethene means C2H4 and it is an alkene. The total number of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethene will be 6 ( one sigma bond and one pi bond between the two carbon atoms and 4 hydrogen atoms remain attached to the two carbon atoms by 4 sigma bonds ) 

CH₂​ = CH_2​

Calcination is the process of heating the ore below its melting point an absence of air to remove volatile impurities like arsenic etc.

The idea of nationalism spread across other Europeans countries. Nationalism came to be seen in a liberal light. Meaning, the middle class came to hate the aristocracy and absolute monarchies and wanted a popularly elected government in power.

In the economic sphere, they wanted a free market with no government interference with heavy customs duties. Earlier, there was a scattered group of states but now, they popularly wanted a common economic zone.

Return to Conservative Nationalism

After the death of Napoleon, nationalism came to be attached to more conservative ideas. The rulers of nations like Russia, Belgium, Austria and France used modernisation to return to conservative rule. Highly strict laws, a strong army and bureaucracy, etc. would now set up authoritarian regimes.

Unification by Revolutionaries

As a reaction to the autocratic conservatives, there grew a huge force of revolutionaries who still lived with the spirit of liberalism. They created underground societies and clubs and wanted a revolution to unite provinces into democratic nation states. This, along with romanticism and economic hardship created the perfect background for the unification of states and Germany, Italy, Greece and several other European ultimately became nation-states.

Imperialism and Nationalism

After the rise of nationalism culminated into the making of nation-states, these countries competing with one another even more and led to the rise of imperialism. Hence, this was a dangerous occurrence as it led to the outbreak of World War 1 in 1914.

Force movie is a contemporary action romance and a Hindi reinterpretation of the Tamil blockbuster, ‘Kaakha Kaakha’, which achieved widespread popularity among audiences and critics alike.

At the heart of the action-love story is a renegade cop, played by John Abraham, in relentless pursuit of a ruthless, underworld gangster. He believes that the only way to eradicate crime is to give criminals the bullet – not hand cuffs. Sharing screen space with John is one of the most vivacious and exuberant talents, as Genelia D’Souza plays John’s love interest.

The seat-grabbing suspense is perfectly balanced with passionate romance and a melodious soundtrack, masterfully composed by one of the leading Indian music composers, Harris Jayaraj.

Yashvardhan is a hardheaded senior narcotics officer who doesn’t play by the book but always ensures that justice is served. In the midst of his most dangerous and significant operation to crack down on India’s drug cartels, Yashvardhan encounters a ruthless enemy who will stop at nothing until he gets his revenge for the damage done to his business by the narcotics team.

He also meets the free-spirited Maya, whose love pushes him to make a choice between the life he already knows and the life he could have with her. Yashvardhan’s decision to let happiness and normalcy into his life changes his life forever.

Diamter = 7 m

so, radius = 3.5 m

Earth dug out from (cylindrical) well

=π×r×r×h

= 22​/7 ×3.5×3.5×20

=770m³

to from platform ...... (cuboidal)

volume of cuboid = l×b×h

770=22×14×h

so, height = 770/22 ​×14 = 2.5m

Ratha Yatra also referred to as Ratha Jatra or Chariot festival, is any public procession in a chariot. ... Notable ratha jatras in India include the Ratha jatra of Puri, the Dhamrai Ratha yatra and the Ratha yatra of Mahesh.The legend begins in different ways. One speaks of an arrogant Indrayumna, King of Puri in the east, who tried to steal the Hindu god Krishna's heart. It had been immersed in the legendary Dwarka sea after his cremation and had reappeared to the tribes people of the place as an idol.

The history of Puri is on the same lines as that of the Jagannatha Temple, which was invaded 18 times during its history to plunder the treasures of the temple, rather than for religious reasons. The first invasion occurred in the 8th century AD by Rastrakuta king Govinda-III (798–814 AD), and the last took place in 1881 AD by the monotheistic followers of Alekh (Mahima Dharma) who did not recognise the worship of Jagannatha.  From 1205 AD onward   there were many invasions of the city and its temple by Muslims of Afghan and Moghul descent, known as Yavanas or foreigners. In most of these invasions the idols were taken to safe places by the priests and the servitors of the temple. Destruction of the temple was prevented by timely resistance or surrender by the kings of the region. However, the treasures of the temple were repeatedly looted.  The table lists all the 18 invasions along with the status of the three images of the temple, the triad of Jagannatha, Balabhadra and Subhadra following each invasion

156             =2 x 2 x 3 x 13           =2² x 3 x 13

1. The government decided to remove the barriers on foreign trade and foreign investment around 1991 as it was realized that the time had come for Indian producers to compete with producers around the globe.

2. The removal of barriers meant that goods could be imported as well as exported easily and also foreign companies could set up their factories and offices in India. In addition, the government imposed much fewer restrictions of business activity within India who was allowed to take decisions freely.

3. It was also felt that competition would improve the performance of the producers within India as they would have to improve their quality of service in comparison to the foreign competition.

 WTO stands for World Trade Organisation. The major of the aim of WTO is that all barriers to foreign trade and investment should be removed as they are harmful to the growth of a country's economy in the long run. The practice of trading should be free between countries and that all the countries in the world should liberalize their policies. Shortcomings of the WTO

1. Although the WTO is to allow a free trade for all, in practice, it has been observed that the developed nations have unfairly retained trade barriers and manipulated the situation

2. It has also been observed that the WTO rules, formulated in an exploitative manner, have forced the developing nations to remove trade barriers and initiate policies of liberalization.

Foreign trade been integrating markets of different countries by the following ways – 

(i) Foreign trade increases competition among companies in terms of quantity, quality and price.

(ii) Foreign trade enables people to sell their produce in international market rather than only in domestic market. For example, Chinese toys in India and Indian readymade garments in other countries have resulted in connecting the markets. 

(iii) Foreign trade transport of one nation’s goods to other country facilitates the exchange of tradition and culture such as garments like saris, kurta, ghaghra, etc., sold by Indian traders and jeans jerseys jackets sold by international traders to India. 

(iv) The Indian producers can sell their produce not only in domestic markets but also compete in markets located in other countries of the world. 

(v) Foreign trade increases the exchange of foreign currency.

A n s w e r
4 = 2 x 2

7 = 7 x 1 

14 = 2 x 7 

LCM = 2 x 2 x 7 = 28 

The three bells will ring together again at 6:28 am

Griffin was a brilliant scientist as he made a rare drug which vanishes or make human body transparent and he is daring to as he swallowed those drugs in order to test it and also for taking revenge. This shows that on contrary he was a lawless person as he set his landlord's house on fire. He also done an act of theft in London, at theatre. He took all accessories like goggles , fake mustache, specs etc. to cover him in order to become visible He is rude, short tempered and anxious because when Ms.hall asked the reason how could he enter in locked room he was not able to control him and revealed his truth that he is a scientist. These all reasons show that Griffin brilliance as a man of science fades before his darker traits.