The poet, Stephen Spender wants the life of the slum children be changed. He wants their poverty to end. He wishes them to live in healthier, hygienic and beautiful environment. He wants their future to be bright and full of hope.

According to the poet, their lives can only be changed if governor, teacher, inspector, visitor, and people do more to help them. Mere paltry donations won't solve their problems of poverty, illiteracy, and backwardness. The rich people and the government will have to do more for them.

•Stephen Spender wants the governor, inspector or some philanthropist to take necessary measures

Stephen Spender wants the people in power to rescue slum dwellers from poverty and oppression .

• He wants that children should be given opportunities to explore the world with its gifts and bounties.

• He wants the children to acquire proper education and create their own history.

The poetess, Kamla Das looked at young trees and merry children to divert her mind from the sad and melancholy thoughts her mind had started thinking. She was sitting in the car beside her mother. Her mother had dozed off. The poetess observed that her mother had grown quite old and weak. Her face was looking ashen like that of corpse. The fearful thoughts related to the imminent death of her mother began disturbing her. In order to stop these thoughts, she looked out of the car at the young trees speeding past and children running out of their houses to play. This allayed her fears aslo. 

A n s w e r:

The poetess look at young trees and Merry children because of the following reasons:
To distract her mind from unhappy thoughts of her mother’s old age.
To look at the freshness of life.

Explain the process of making yam from fibre.
Ans. Yarns are made up of thin strands called fibres. The process of making yam from fibres is called spinning. In this process, a mass of cotton wool are drawn out and twisted. This brings the fibres together to form yarn.

The Bedouins were nomadic Arab tribes.

i.They moved from dry to green areas (oases) of the desert in search of food (mainly dates) and fodder for their camels.

ii. Some settled in cities and practised trade or agriculture.

The Bedouins were nomadic Arab tribes.

i.They moved from dry to green areas (oases) of the desert in search of food (mainly dates) and fodder for their camels.

ii. Some settled in cities and practised trade or agriculture.

The drowning incident at the pool had many short and long-term consequences on Douglas. The short-term consequences such as weakness, trembling, sickness, haunting fear of water, etc.

As time elapsed, these consequences took the shape of more sinister and deeply ingrained fears. Douglas developed a perennial aversion to water; the very sight of a water body such as a lake, river, water fall, etc. made him petrified. When he accompanied his friends to any picnic spot, he would stay on shore, while his friends enjoyed the water sports and recreational activities. Douglas felt terribly scared and bad about it. This humiliation gave birth to a strong desire to overcome his fear of water.

Felt weak and trembling as he walked back home

• Shook and cried as he lay on the bed

• Couldn’t eat that night

• Haunting fear gripped him for days 

• Slightest exertion tired him 

• Knees felt wobbly

• Felt sick in the stomach

• suffered from hydrophobia for years

• They wanted to express their repentance for their casual approach to their own schooling

• They wanted to thank M. Hamel for his 40 years of dedicated service 

• They wanted to show respect to their country which was no longer theirs 

Aunt Jennifer is busy knitting with her ivory needle through her wool. But the chores and duties of the family checked her in the middle, she had to stop knitting. ‘Massive weight of uncle’s wedding band’ represents the marriage band between Jennifer and uncle. It suggests the harsh and difficult experiences of her married life. After marriage she had lost all her freedom. Aunt was like a heavy band put on her.

Aunt Jennifer is busy knitting with her ivory needle through her wool. But the chores and duties of the family checked her in the middle, she had to stop knitting. ‘Massive weight of uncle’s wedding band’ represents the marriage band between Jennifer and uncle. It suggests the harsh and difficult experiences of her married life. After marriage she had lost all her freedom. Aunt was like a heavy band put on her.

On July 7, HRD Minister Ramesh Pokhriyal announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction with 30% of the syllabus slashed for the year 2020-21 for classes 9 to 12 because of the reduction in classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown.

CBSE has rationalized the syllabus with the help of suggestions from NCERT and the same has been notified by a new CBSE notification as well.

• <a href="http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain21/revisedsyllabi/Deduction/DELETEDPhysical_Education_2020-21.pdf" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Physical Education</a>  (Deleted topics)

• <a href="http://cbseacademic.nic.in/web_material/CurriculumMain21/revisedsyllabi/SrSecondary/REVISEDPhysicalEducation_Sr.Sec_2020-21.pdf" target="_blank">REVISED - Physical Education</a> (Revised Syllabus)

Aunt Jennifer,s hand are fluttering because the reflection of her suppressed spirit she is physically nad emotionally drained and find it hard to pull a needle her hand are heavy with the weight of the wedding ring which symbolises the hardship and difficulties of the life

Man's activities are indeed heading him he is getting victorious but the war which a man is waging will soon turn the 'living planet' into a dead one and the war may be the victory of man's scientific knowledge but there would be no survivors to celebrate this victory.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire, 

Victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes

And walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing.

1.  Who are ' those ' in line 1 ?

2.  What are 'green wars'?

3.  Explain :  'victory with no survivors'.

4.  Which figure of speech is used in the above stanza?

1. Over ambitious/eccentric people involved in waging wars to gain dominance.

2. War against environment

3. None may survive to celebrate victory

4. Metaphor – clean clothes / their brothers

green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire'.
The expression refers to the chemical wars which man is waging against man and against nature. Man's activities are polluting the nature and the chemical and nuclear weapons created by him have brought mankind to its dead end.

Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow:

Those who prepare green wars, wars with gas, wars with fire, 

Victory with no survivors, would put on clean clothes

And walk about with their brothers in the shade, doing nothing.

1.  Who are ' those ' in line 1 ?

2.  What are 'green wars'?

3.  Explain :  'victory with no survivors'.

4.  Which figure of speech is used in the above stanza?

1. Over ambitious/eccentric people involved in waging wars to gain dominance.

2. War against environment

3. None may survive to celebrate victory

4. Metaphor – clean clothes / their brothers

7 / (5√3-5√2)

= 7 (5√3+5√2)/ (5√3-5√2) * (5√3+5√2) /

=7(5√3+5√2) / (5√3)²-(5√2)²

=35√3+35√2 / 75-50

=35√3+35√2 / 25

1. Quantitative expression of  economic  problems: Statistics  is  an  essential  tool  for  an  economist  to understand  the  problems  of  an  economy through  quantitative  data. Example: The problem  of poverty in  India  can be  quantitatively  expressed  as there  is a substantial  decline  in poverty  ratios  in India from 55% in 1973to 36% in1993.
2. Inter-sectoral and inter-temporal comparisons: This quantitative data is further used to make inter-sectoral comparison ,i.e. across   different   sectors   of   the economy   and   inter-temporal comparisons ,i.e. over different plan periods of the rural and urban unemployment.
3. Cause  and  effect  relationship: Different  sets  of  data  are  used  to  find  the  cause  and  effect relationship. This enables policy makers to formulate policy to solve the problem of an economy.
4. Economic  equilibrium: Statistical  data  helps  economists  to  understand  the behaviour  of  the producer  and  consumer  in  the  market. Example: How the  producer choose sthe  combination  of inputs to produce the goods to maximise their profit.
5. Developing  economic  theories: This  also facilitates economists to  develop  theories as  how  the prices of goods vary in relation to the demand for the product.
6. Forecasting: Statistical  data  are  useful  to  forecast  the  changes  in  the  factors  which  influence  other factors. This information enables economists to formulate polices and suggestions to overcome the problem.
7. Formulation   of   policies: Statistical   data   is   essential   for   formulating   policies   of economic development. Example: If the  government  wants  to  formulate  or  modify  labour  laws,  then it will require statistical data on working conditions, number of working hours and minimum wages received by workers.

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