Artificial Intelligence (AI) is being widely recognised to be the power that will fuel the future global digital economy. AI in the past few years has gained geo-strategic importance and a large number of countries are striving hard to stay ahead with their policy initiatives to get their country ready. India’s own AI strategy identifies AI as a n opportunity and solution provider for inclusive economic growth and social development. The report also identifies the importance of skills-based education (as opposed to knowledge intensive education), and the value of project related work in order to “effectively harness the potential of AI in a sustainable manner” to make India’s next generation ‘AI ready

1. भूमिका:

स्वावलंबन का अर्थ है अपने आप पर निर्भर (Dependent on oneself) रहना । इसलिए स्वावलंबन को आत्मनिर्भरता भी कहते हैं । कहा जाता है कि दूसरों के भरोसे रहना या दूसरों पर अवलंबित रहना गुलाम (Slave) होने केसमान होता है । स्वावलंबी व्यक्ति ही अपने जीवन में हर प्रकार की उन्नति (Development) कर सकता है और सदा स्वाधीन रहते हुए सुखी जीवन जी सकता है ।

2. अभाव से हानियाँ:

दूसरों के भरोसे रहने वाला व्यक्ति लोगों की नजर में एकदम छोटा हो जाता है और उसका अपना कोई व्यक्तित्व (Personality) नहीं रहता । वह दूसरों की इच्छा पर निर्भर रहता है । वह कायर (Coward) और साहसविहीन (Courageless) बन जाता है । छोटी-छोटी जरूरतें पूरी करने के लिए उसे दूसरों का मुँह देखना पड़ता है । हमारे देश के बार-बार गुलाम (Slave) सपष्ट बनने का यही कारण था कि इस देश के लोगों में स्वावलंबन नहीं था ।

लोग एक दूसरे को नुकसान (Harm) पहुँचाने में लगे रहते थे । एक ने शत्रु के साथ मिलकर अपने ही देश के लोगों के खिलाफ षड्‌यंत्र (Conspiracy) रचकर अपने आपको भी शत्रु का गुलाम बना लिया और पूरे देश को गुलामी की आग में झोंक दिया । अत: स्वावलंबी न होना ही मनुष्य की सबसे बड़ी कमजोरी है ।

3. लाभ:

स्वावलंबी व्यक्ति न केवल शक्तिशाली बन जाता है, बल्कि वह दूसरों के दुख-सुख भी अच्छी तरह समझ सकता है और दूसरों के कष्ट दूर करने का प्रयत्न भी कर सकता है । ऐसा व्यक्ति ही परोपकारी तथा एक अच्छा प्रशासक (Administrator) बनने लायक होता है ।

कोई भी देश तभी तेजी से विकसित (Developed) हो सकता है, जब उस देश का प्रत्येक व्यक्ति आत्मनिर्भर बन जाय, दूसरों के परिश्रम का फल स्वयं हजम करने की प्रवृत्ति (Attitude) न रखे और किसी भी कार्य को छोटा-बड़ा न समझ कर अपना कार्य पूरी लगन से करे । जिस देश में ऐसे नागरिक (Citizen) हों, उसे कोई भी शत्रु अपना गुलाम नहीं बना सकता ।

4. उपसंहार:

महात्मा गाँधी का चरखे पर सूता कातना, रैदास का जूते बनाना, संत कबीर का कपड़ा बुनना हमें स्वावलंबन की ही शिक्षा प्रदान करता है । हमें इनसे प्रेरणा (Inspiration) लेनी चाहिए ।

The nervous system or the neural system is a complex network of neurons specialized to carry messages. The complexity of the nervous system increases as we move towards higher animals.

For instance, cnidarians such as jellyfish have relatively simple nerve nets spread throughout their body. Crabs have a more complicated nervous system in the form of 2 nerve centers called dorsal ganglion and ventral ganglion.

You can use a custom view to save specific display settings (such as hidden rows and columns, cell selections, filter settings, and window settings) and print settings (such as page settings, margins, headers and footers, and sheet settings) for a worksheet so that you can quickly apply these settings to that worksheet when needed. You can also include a specific print area in a custom view.

IM is short for Instant Messaging. Instant Messaging enables online real time communication between two users logged in simultaneously. Every time a user presses enter the message gets broken up in packets and is immediately transmitted over the net. These packets are received on the other ended, decoded and displayed on the recipients screen.

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A field which uniquely identifies each record in a table is known as primary key. e.g. empld is the primary key of the Employee table. A primary key uniquely identifies the record in the table.

The sunlight that reaches the earth’s atmosphere is scattered in all directions by the gases and dust particles present in the atmosphere.

The blue colour is scattered more and hence the sky appears blue. The reason for more scattering of blue colour is that the wavelength of the blue light is shorter than the other light. So blue light is scattered in all directions by the tiny molecules of air in Earth’s atmosphere. This the reason for the blue appearance of the sky.

The entrepreneurship is a practice which involves launching or starting a new business either on small scale or level or large scale with an hope to make monetary gains or profit.

The myths about entrepreneurship will include:

1. The money will be lost or waste while establishing a new business.

2. The entrepreneurship requires huge initial investment but generally if a business is run on small scale investment it may earn profit.

The process of unification of Britain:

1. Before the eighteenth century, there were different ethnic identities with its own culture and politics-English, Welsh, Scot, and Irish.

 2. As the English nation's wealth and power increased, its influence over other island nations also increased.

3. English Parliament had taken the power from the monarchy in 1688 after a long conflict. It became an instrument in building the nation-state of Britain, with England at its center.

4. United Kingdom of Britain was established through the Act of Union in 1707 between England and Scotland.

5. Scotland eventually got suppressed by the English politically and culturally as the British Parliament was dominated by the English.

Decoding in the process of translating the encoded message into the effective language by the receiver.

Who coined the term genetics?
Answer:

The genetic term was coined in 1905 by the English biologist William Bateson. He also described the study of heredity.

More energy is produced in aerobic respiration

The oxidative breakdown of respiratory substrates with the help of atmospheric oxygen is known as aerobic respiration. It involves the complete breakdown of substrates into carbon dioxide and water releasing energy. The energy released per mole of glucose is 686 Kcal or 2870 kJ. Oxidation of respiratory substrates in the absence of atmospheric oxygen is termed as anaerobic respiration. It involves an incomplete breakdown of respiratory substrates in which the end products such as ethanol or lactic acid are produced and carbon dioxide is released. The amount of energy released in this case is 247 kJ.

A plane mirror is a mirror with a flat (planar) reflective surface. For light rays striking a plane mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of incidence. ... Plane mirrors are the only type of mirror for which a real object always produces an image that is virtual, erect and of the same size as the object.

a n s w e r

Functions of the opposition parties: 

(i) They oppose the government by voicing different views. 

(ii) They criticise government for its failure and wrong policies.

(iii) They mobilise opposition to the government.

Functions of Opposition party
(1) To check the government from becoming authoritarian and to restrict its powers, the opposition parties keep a watch over them.
(2) The main duty of the opposition party is to criticize the policies of the government.
(3) Outside the legislature the opposition parties attract the attention of the press and report their criticism of the government policy in the news papers.
(4)  The opposition parties have the right to check the expenditure of the government also.
(5) During the question hour, the opposition parties criticism the government generally 

The reasoning being given in favour of continued usage of single-use plastic showcases both shallow (lacking depth) and myopic (short-sighted) thinking. Man tries to make life more convenient, but it is not possible to prioritise convenience all the time. For instance, stopping at traffic signals, waiting for one's turn at the doctor's clinic or even opening and shutting doors are inconvenient. However, each of these activities is important, because there are certain rules that need to be followed to avoid greater inconvenience in terms of accidents, disorganised dealing and security. Likewise, banning single-use plastic is necessary to prevent greater problems, particularly environmental issues. Single-use plastic over time is known to cause pollution, affect life on land as well as in water and upset ecosystems, which in turn can make survival of humans very difficult. Thus, if one weighs the options of convenience and survival, it becomes clear that convenience is a short term joy, while survival is a long term goal. It is evident that the argument for using such plastic is invalid.