UNDER globalisation, particularly after 1990, the farmers in India have been exposed to new challenges. Despite being an important producer of rice, cotton, rubber, tea, coffee and spices our agricultural products are not able to compete with the developed countries because of the highly subsidised agriculture in those countries. Today, Indian agriculture finds itself at the cross roads. To make agriculture successful and profitable, proper thrust should be given to the improvement of the condition of marginal and small farmers.

Aluminium metal forms a thin layer of aluminium oxide all over its surface under the action of moist air. This layer prevents the metal underneath from further corrosion. It is cheap, easily available, malleable and ductile. Therefore, it is used to make utensils for cooking.

The power is shared among the different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example: The distribution of power between Indian Parliament (legislature), the council of ministers headed by chief ministers (executive) and Courts of India. There are different forms of power-sharing in modern democracies. These are given below: Horizontal distribution of power – Power is shared among different organs of government, such as the legislature, executive and judiciary. Example – India.

Electrolytic refining is a technique that is used for the extraction and purification of metals that are obtained by refining methods. The impure metal is used as an anode and the pure metal is used a cathode. Soluble salt from the same metal is used an electrolyte. Electrolytic refining is the process of refining impure metals by using electricity. ... A solution of a soluble salt of the same metal is taken as the electrolyte. Example- Copper can be purified by this way. In electrolytic refining of copper, the electrolyte is a solution of acidified copper sulphate.

The most widely used method for refining impure metals is electrolytic refining.

Electrolytic  refining  means  refining  by  electrolysis.  Metals  such  as  copper,  zinc,  tin,  lead,  chromium, nickel, silver and gold are refined electrolytically.

• For refining an impure metal by electrolysis:

A thick block of impure metal is made the anode. A thin strip of pure metal is taken as the cathode. A water soluble salt is taken as the electrolyte. On  passing  current  through  the  electrolyte,  the  impure  metal  from  the  anode  dissolves into  the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure metal from the electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The  soluble  impurities  go  into  the  solution,  whereas  the  insoluble  impurities  settle  down  at  the bottom of the anode and are known as the ‘anode mud’.

Extraction of copper metal:

In an electrolytic tank, acidified copper sulphate (CuSO4 + dilute H2O4) solution forms the electrolyte. A block of impure copper is made into an anode by connecting the positive terminal of a power supply (battery). A thin strip of highly pure copper metal is the cathode of the cell. The negative terminal of the power supply is connected to it.

A small electric current is passed through the cell. Atoms from the anode enter the electrolyte. The copper from the anode gets converted into copper sulphide. An equal number of copper atoms from the solution get deposited on the cathode. This is to keep the concentration of the solution constant. Impurities from the anode block either remain in solution or collect below the anode, as they are unable to displace copper form the sulphate solution. The impurities remain insoluble in the electrolyte and they are called anode mud.

Copper sulphate solution contains ions of Cu++ and SO4--. The following reactions take place at the anode and cathode when an electric current is passed.

Three efforts made by gandhiji to get harijans their right were:

• Gandhi organised satyagraha to secure the entry of the dalits into temples, and access to public wells, tanks, roads and schools
• He himself cleaned toilets to dignify the work of the 'bhangi' (the sweepers),
• He tried persuading upper castes to change their heart and give up ‘the sin of untouchability’. He even wrote articles in journals criticising the caste system.

The spreading of nationalism took place due to following factors :

(i) United Struggle Different religious groups and communities unitedly struggled against the British rule.

(ii) Cultural Processes Unity spread through various cultural processes like history, folklore. songs and symbols that helped in spread of nationalism.

(iii) Common Identity The painting of ‘Bharat Mata’ was commonly identified as motherland and affected
the people equally.

(iv) Revival of India Folklore Reviving the folklore through folk songs, legends helped in promoting traditional culture and restore a sense of pride in the past history and culture.

(v) Role of the Leaders Leaders like Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru aroused the feelings of
nationalism through their motivational speeches and political activities.

Both male and female parent contributes equally to the DNA of the progeny during sexual reproduction. When the germ cells combine, they will restore the normal number of chromosomes in the progeny, ensuring the stability of the DNA of the species. DNA is the genetic material and it is responsible for the transmission of characters from parents to the offsprings. Even the *** of the individual is determined genetically in humans.

Non cooperation movement was a mass movement which was launched by Gandhi in 1920. It was a peaceful and a non-violent protest against the British government in India. 

Programmes of the Non Cooperation movement were:

• Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
• People had to resign from their government jobs.
• People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.
• People had to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods.

The main aim of the Non Cooperation movement was the demand of 'Swaraj' or the self government. 

 In the conservation of forests and wildlife many good practices have been evolved over the years which are social-cultural on one hand and legal on the other hand such as,

1. Worshipping of many sacred trees.

2. Worshipping of many sacred animals because of their ecological importance.

3. Use of flora and fauna in religious functions.

4. Making of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuary and Bio-Reserves to protect endangered species of plants and animals.

5. Implementing laws / acts to forbid killing and cutting of trees, make such acts punishable etc.

6. Involving mass media to highlight problems associated with environmental degradation.

7. Running community awareness programmes such as Vanmahotsav etc. from time to time.

We have a circle of radius 5 cm with a chord of length 8 cm.

We have to find length TP.

We have,

OP=5 cm

PM=4 cm  .......(perpendicular from the centre divides the chord)

OM=3 cm  .......(by using Pythagorean triplet)

Let  and TP be x.

Use trigonometric ratio in the triangle PMO and POT we get,

Therefore, TP =6.66 cm

Non cooperation movement was a mass movement which was launched by Gandhi in 1920. It was a peaceful and a non-violent protest against the British government in India. 

Programmes of the Non Cooperation movement were:

• Indians were asked to relinquish their titles and resign from nominated seats in the local bodies as a mark of protest.
• People had to resign from their government jobs.
• People were asked to withdraw their children from government-controlled or aided schools and colleges.
• People had to boycott foreign goods and use only Indian-made goods.

The main aim of the Non Cooperation movement was the demand of 'Swaraj' or the self government. 

Current rating is the maximum current that a fuse will carry for an indefinite period without too much deterioration of the fuse element. A wide range of power switching transistors are also available, with current rating up to several hundred amperes and voltage ratings well over 1000V. To test a fuse without multimeter, take a flashlight equipped with a flat battery. Unscrew the bulb and get the battery. Place the fuse of one of the battery “blades” and the base of the bulb on the other side of the fuse. Put the bulb pad in contact with the second “blade” of the battery.

3+2√2-3+√2

=3-3+2√2+√2

=2√2+√2

= (2+1) √2
= (2+1) √2

The Poona Pact refers to an agreement between B. R. Ambedkar and Mahatma Gandhi on behalf of depressed classes and caste Hindu leaders on the reservation of electoral seats for the depressed classes in the legislature of British India government. Contrary to popular belief, Mahatma Gandhi was not involved in signing the pact. It was made on 24 September 1932 at Yerwada Central Jail in Pune, India. It was signed by B.R Ambedkar on behalf of the depressed classes and Madan Mohan Malviya on behalf of the Caste Hindus as a means to end the fast that Gandhi was undertaking in jail as a protest against the decision by British prime minister Ramsay MacDonald to give separate electorates to depressed classes for the election of members of provincial legislative assemblies in British India. They finally agreed upon 148 electoral seats.

The impact of globalization on Indian agriculture has been felt since colonial times. 

Post liberalization, Indian farmers face new challenges in the form of competition from highly subsidized agriculture of developed nations. This prompts the need for making Indian agriculture successful and profitable by improving the conditions of small and marginal farmers, countering the negative effects of Green Revolution, developing and promoting organic farming, and diversifying cropping pattern from cereals to high-value crops. 

side of cube (a)= 1 cm

volume of cube = a³ = 1 cm³ = 1000 mm³

volume of material remains same

So,

volume of cube = volume of wire

volume of wire =   π r² × h

1000 mm³ = π × (4/2)² × h

h = 1000/[ π × 4]

h = 250/π mm = 25/π cm

Hydrochloric acid plays a major role in the process of digestion. It creates a medium of gastric juice acidic so that the enzyme pepsin digests the protein and kills the bacteria present in them. Hydrochloric acid helps your body to break down, digest, and absorb nutrients such as protein. The hydrochloric acid found in the stomach facilitates the process of digestion by disintegrating complex large food molecules into simpler molecules. The acid activates the pepsinogen enzyme required to digest proteins.

When there is no hydrochloric acid in the stomach, the iron absorption process is hindered as iron is essential in the solution for absorption. The stomach is prompted to produce acid when food is consumed for the production of the gastrin hormone. Hence, the acid lowers the pH level in the stomach, switching off the gastrin production which otherwise would lead to hypergastrinemia.