Dravidian race

• Dravidians came to India before the Aryans. They spoke Dravidian language.
• They were the inhabitants of the Mohen-jo-daro culture. The Dravidians worshipped the mother as a ‘goddess’ and Shiva as a ‘God’.
•  The tradition of worshiping with incense stick, lamp and ‘aarti’ are considered as the greatest gifts of the Aryans.
• They had matriarchal system of family and they were perfect in the art of weaving, spinning, dyeing and arts.
• After the Aryans settled in north India, the Dravidians shifted to North India. Toady they speak Dravidian- family languages like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada and Malyalam.

The Aryans

• According to most historians, the Aryans came into India in around 1500 BCE from central Asia. They were war-like people.
• The Aryans worshipped the relief features and the forces of nature like trees, rivers, mountains, Sun, wind and rain. They composed hymns for praying various natural elements.
• The Nordic Aryans were the creator of the Indian culture.

Frederic sorrieu visualised his dream of a world made up of a democritic and social republics and prepared a series of four print
In the frist print peoples of errope and america are shown marching and paying homage to the statue of liberty
The statue of liberty is personified as a female figure who bears the torch of enlightenment in one hand and the character of rights of man in other hand
In utopian views of sorrieu peoples of world are differentiated through this flags and national costume.

Ionization of a compound refers to a process in which a neutral molecule splits into charged ions when exposed in a solution.

According to Arrhenius theory, acids are the compounds that dissociate in an aqueous medium to generate hydrogen ions, H⁺ (aq). On the other hand, bases are the compounds which furnish hydroxyl ions, OH⁻(aq) in an aqueous medium.

A reaction in which one reactant undergoes oxidation whereas the other gets reduced during the course of reaction are termed as oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons or increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. Reduction refers to the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

Consider the following redox reaction.

• Burning sugars, such as glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and the fatty acids in the fats we eat.

The ‘crow’ and ‘hemlock tree’ in the poem Dust of Snow represent the dark side of nature. Crow is not as beautiful a bird as robin, nightingale, parrots, doves, sparrows, pigeons, etc. are; similarly, hemlock tree is poisonous and there are more beautiful trees in nature also such as pine, oak, teak, etc. The snow in the poem represents the bright side of nature. 

The pH of the solution is indirectly proportional to the concentration of H+ ions. Hence with an increase in the concentration of H+(aq) in a solution, the pH of the solution will decrease.

Co-prime number is a set of numbers or integers which have only 1 as their common factor i.e. their highest common factor (HCF) will be 1. Co-prime numbers are also known as relatively prime or mutually prime numbers. It is important that there should be two numbers in order to form co-primes.
Example 1: 21 and 22

For 21 and 22:

• The factors of 21 are 1, 3, 7 and 21.
• The factors of 22 are 1, 2, 11 and 22.

Here 21 and 22 have only one common factor that is 1. Hence, their HCF is 1 and are co-prime.

Convection is the process of heat transfer by the bulk movement of molecules within fluids such as gases and liquids. The initial heat transfer between the object and the fluid takes place through conduction, but the bulk heat transfer happens due to the motion of the fluid.

• Convection is the process of heat transfer in fluids by the actual motion of matter.
• It happens in liquids and gases.
• It may be natural or forced.
• It involves a bulk transfer of portions of the fluid.

(i) On January 31st, 1930, Gandhi wrote a long letter to the Viceroy, communicating his decision to start the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(ii) On 12th March, Mahatma Gandhi began his historic march from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi, a village on the Gujarat sea-coast.
(iii) He was accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers, but as Gandhiji advanced, others joined the party.
(iv) On the morning of 6th April, Gandhiji violated the salt laws by picking up some salt from the sea water. Gandhiji’s campaign against the salt laws was a signal to disobey the Government laws.
The Programme of the Movement: The Civil Disobedience campaign involved defiance of salt laws, boycott of liquor, boycott of foreign cloth and British goods of all kinds.

Given : 

To find : 

Consider :   

Squaring both sides , we get

   [Since , ]

   (1)

Consider 

From (1),

i.e. 

Taking square root on both sides , we get

. 

Hence, the value of 

Summary: This story is written by G L Fuentes. This is a story about the great faith of a simpleton in the God. The story begins with Lencho hoping for rains so that his crops would give a better yield. The rain does come but is followed by a devastating hailstorm. Hailstorm destroys all the standing crops and leaves Lencho staring into the bleak future ahead. But Lencho is a strong believer in the God and decides to write a letter to the God; asking for some monetary help. Lencho also wishes to repay the debt when the next crop would give him enough money. After seeing Lencho’s letter, the postmaster is deeply touched by the strong faith of Lencho in the God. The postmaster collects money from his colleagues and sends some money to Lencho. But the money sent by the postmaster is less than what the Lencho had demanded through his letter. Lencho once again writes a letter to the God in which he expresses his doubts about the honesty of post office employees.

Mitochondria have an important role in cellular respiration through the production of ATP, using chemical energy found in glucose and other nutrients. Mitochondria are also responsible for generating clusters of iron and sulfur, which are important cofactors of many enzymes.

Advantages of Globalisation
(i) Globalisation has resulted in greater competition among producers-both local and foreign. This has improved the quality of products and lowered the prices.
(ii) A wider variety of goods are available in the market for consumers.
Disadvantages of Globalisation
(i) For a large number of small producers, globalisation has posed major problems. These producers were not able to free the competition from large foreign producers and hence several of such production units had to shut down, rendering workers jobless.
(ii) Workers in MNCs are employed on* temporary basis . and laid off without any compensation during the slack period.

लेखक ने इस कहानी के आरम्भ में दिखाया है कि भोलानाथ का ज्यादा से ज्यादा समय पिता के साथ बीतता है .  उसका दिन पिता की छत्रछाया में ही शुरू होता है। पिता उसकी हर क्रीड़ा में सदैव साथ रहते हैं, विपदा होने पर उसकी रक्षा करते हैं। भोलानाथ का अपने पिता से अपार स्नेह था 

Haemoglobin in red blood cells have large affinity for oxygen. It temporarily, combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin and thus, oxygen is carried from the lungs to various body parts. CO2 is highly soluble in water, so it is mostly transported in dissolved form in our blood plasma.

The Khilafat Movement was launched by Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali. Gandhiji saw this as an opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified national movement. At the Calcutta Session of the Congress in September 1920, he convinced other leaders to start a Non-Cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat Movement.
The Khilafat Movement (1919-1924), was a pan-Islamic, political protest campaign launched by Muslims in British India to influence the British Government and to protect the Ottoman empire during the aftermath of First World War. The First World War had ended with the defeat of Ottoman Turkey.
There was a fear that the power of the spiritual head of the Islamic world (Khalifa) would be curtailed. To defend his power, a Khilafat Committee was formed in Bombay in 1919. The Khilafat leaders put pressure . upon the British Government to give better treatment to Turkey.

The production of new organism from the existing organism of the same species is called reproduction.
Reproduction is essential for the survival of species on this earth. The process of reproduction ensure continuity of life on earth. Reproduction give rise to more organism with the same basic characteristics as their parents.

Types of Reproduction

There are two main methods of reproduction in living.

1. asexual reproduction.
2. Sexual reproduction.

इसका अर्थ है कि सब धर्मों में पूजा करने की रीति अलग-अलग होती है परन्तु होती एक समान है ।क्योंकि पूजा तो ईश्वर को ही जाता है। जैसे मौलवी मस्जिद में जाकर लोगों को भगवान की इबादत सुनाकर प्रसन्न और पवित्र करते हैं वैसे ही कोयल बाग कूक कर लोगों को प्रसन्न और पवित्र करती है।

A rational number, in Mathematics, can be defined as any number which can be represented in the form of p/q where q is greater than 0. Also, we can say that any fraction fit under the category of rational numbers, where denominator and numerator are integers and the denominator is not equal to zero.