Formal sector loans: 

(i) Loans from banks and cooperatives. 

(ii) Under supervision of the Reserve Bank of India. 

(iii) Reasonable rates of interest. 

Informal sector loans: 

(i) Loans from moneylenders, relatives, friend, traders, etc.

(ii) No supervision of any institution. 

(iii) Very high rates of interest.

Climatic conditions required for the growth of rice: 

(i) It is a Kharif crop which requires high temperature (above 25°C). 

(ii) High humidity with annual rainfall above 100 cm. 

(iii) In the areas of less rainfall, it grows with the help of irrigation.

(iv) It is grown in the plains of north and north-eastern India, coastal areas and the deltaic regions. 

(v) Development of dense network of canal irrigation and tubewells have made it possible to grow rice in areas of less rainfall such as Punjab and Haryana.

Plantation Agriculture: It is a type of commercial farming practised in tropical and sub-tropical regions. It was introduced by the British in India.

Characteristics:

(i) A signal crop is grown over a large area.

(ii) It is capital intensive and done with migrant labour.

(iii) All produce is used as raw material in industries such as tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.

(iv) Plantation has an interface of agriculture and industry both.

EXCRETION

• The biological process of removal of harmful nitrogenous metabolic waste from the body is called excretion.
• Unicellular organisms excrete by diffusion and multicellular organisms use specialized organ to perform same function.

Excretion in human beings

• A pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra constitutes the human excretory system.
• Kidneys are present on either side of the backbone in the abdomen.
• Kidneys produce urine and urine from kidney passes through the ureters into the urinary bladder and remains stored their until it is released through the urethra.
• Urine is produced to filter out waste products from the blood.
• Nephrons are basic structural and functional unit of kidney.
• Cluster of thin walled blood capillaries called glomerulus in the nephron filtrate the urine and each cluster is associated with cup shaped end of a tube called Bowman’s capsule.
• Substances like glucose, amino acids, salts and a major amount of water is selectively reabsorbed from the initial filtrate as the urine flows along the tube.
• Reabsorption depends on the amount of excess water in the body and dissolved waste to be excreted.
• The urine from kidney enters the long tube called ureter.
• Ureter connects the kidney with the urinary bladder and urine from the kidney is passed to urinary bladder and stored in the bladder.
• When the pressure in the expanded bladder leads to the urge to urinate, the urine is passed out through urethra.

HRD Minister Ramesh Nishank announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction for the new academic year 2020-21 on July 7 which was soon followed by an official notification by CBSE on the same.

Considering the loss of classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, CBSE reduced the syllabus of classes 9 to 12 with the help of suggestions from NCERT.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

Mr Keesing,Anne's old math teacher was infuriated with Anne because she was very talkative. Hence,when repeated warnings failed to quiet her,he assigned her extra homework,an essay on the subject 'A Chatterbox'. The task at hand was to come up with convincing arguments to prove the necessity of talking and after devoting much thought to the subject,Anne had an idea and she filled up three pages.

Ans : A

(i) Per capital income is the average income of a country.
(ii) Per capital income criteria takes into account only the economic aspect of life and ignores the social, aspect of life.
(iii) Per capita income criteria ignores education, health, life expectancy, sanitation etc.
(iv) Per capita income criteria also ignores non material things like peace, pollution free environment, democracy, etc.
(v) Though Punjab has higher per capital income as compared to Kerala but it has been ranked lower on Human Development Index because it is far behind than Kerala in literacy rate and has higher infant mortality rate than Kerala.

 मीराबाई ने श्रीकृष्ण के रूप-सौंदर्य का वर्णन कैसे किया है?

उत्तर:- मीराबाई कृष्ण के रूप सौंदर्य का वर्णन करते हुए कहती हैं कि उन्होंने सिर पर मोर मुकुट धारण किया हैं और तन पर पीले वस्त्र सुशोभित हैं। गले में बैजयंती माला उनके सौंदर्य में चार चाँद लगा रही है। कृष्ण बाँसुरी बजाते हुए गाये चराते हैं तो उनका रूप बहुत ही मनोरम लगता है।

To Visualize the Nation :

(1) Germania became the symbol of the German nation. She attires a crown of oak leaves because in Germany oak stands for bravery.

(2) Artists personified the nation as a female figure.

(3) Artist used the female metaphor to portray ideas of liberty, justice, and the republic.  

(4) Statues of Marianne were erected to remind the national symbol to persuade them to identify with it.  

(5) Marianne images were printed on stamps.  

Cyclical unemployment is a type of unemployment which is related to the cyclical trends in the industry or the business cycle. If an economy is doing good, cyclical unemployment will be at its lowest, and will be the highest if the economy growth starts to falter.

X²+20x+100

= X² + 10x + 10x +100

= x ( x+ 10) + 10 (x + 10)

= (x +10) (x +10)

= ( x + 10)²

Nationalist teneion emerged in the Balkans because the Balkan states were aspiring for nationalism.
The Balkans was a region comprising modern day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece,
Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro and their inhabitants were called Slavs.
In 19th century, the major portion of the Balkans was under the Ottoman Empire.
The ideas of romantic nationalism developed in the Balkans. The rebellions nationalities in the Balkans thought that their struggle was the attempt to win back their long-lost independence.

Blood absorbs oxygen from air in the lungs. It transports the oxygen to cells throughout the body, and it removes waste carbon dioxide from the cells. In the lungs, the carbon dioxide moves from the blood to the air and is exhaled.

Photosynthesis definition states that the process exclusively takes place in the chloroplasts through photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotene and xanthophyll. All green plants and a few other autotrophic organisms utilize photosynthesis to synthesize nutrients by using carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. The by-product of the photosynthesis process is oxygen.

In a crowded city because of high population the pollution level is also very high e.g. Delhi and due to high pollution we can not able to see the clear sky and stars in the night rather than  in a village or hill station .

In a village or hill station due to less pollution we we can see the stars  more clearly and easily.

Bleaching powder is manufactured from chlorine gas.

It is produced by the action of chlorine on dry slaked lime [Ca(OH)₂].

Ca(OH)₂ + Cl₂ → CaOCl₂ + H₂O

It is represented as CaOCl₂

Uses:

1.  For bleaching cotton and linen in the textile industry and for bleaching wood pulp in the paper industry.
2. Used for disinfecting drinking water to make it free of germs.

Three demands of Sri Lankan Tamils
i) Their language i.e. the Tamil should be given equal status with that of the Sinhala language
ii) Their should be no discrimination between them and the Sinhala residents of Sri Lanka in government jobs and university posts.
iii) Their religion whether Hinduism or Christianity should be equally respected with that or Buddhism.
iv) They should be given equal political rights.