Lencho was a farmer. He was not so poor and not so rich farmer. He was having a great faith in God. This we came to know from his letter addressed to God. He did so for the compensation of his crops. Actually the hail stones destroyed his crops and he thought that now his family would starve throughout the whole year. But he was very religious person, so he decided to ask the God for his help. In his letter to God he asked the God for 100 pesos. But his letter was not reached to God. It were the post office employees who sent the 70 pesos for help. And Lencho called the post office employees as “a bunch of crooks”. While they helped him. Because of this we can say that Lencho was a foolish person too (in the sense of innocence).

when current I is passing through a resistor R, the electric power that generates heat is given by the formula I²R. so,

             P= I²R

Here P is power/heat produced,I is current and R is resistance.

   P = (2.5)²X 200

      = 6.25 x 200

      = 1250 Watts.

nth term of an A.P, (a_n) = - 4n + 15……..(1)

On putting n = 1, 2,3 ,…. in eq (1),

For n = 1

(a_n) = - 4n + 15

1 = - 4(1) + 15  

a₁ = 11

For n = 2

a₂ = - 4(2) + 15  

a₂ = - 8 + 15  

a₂ = 7

Common Difference , d = a₂ - a₁  

d = 7-11  

d = - 4

By using the formula ,Sum of nth terms , S_n = n/2 [2a + (n – 1) d]

S₂₀ = (20/2)[2 × 11 + (20 -1)(-4)]

S₂₀ = 10 [22 + 19 × - 4[

S₂₀ = 10 [22 - 76]

S₂₀ = 10 × - 54

S₂₀ = - 540  

Hence,  the sum of first 20 terms of AP is  - 540.

Given :  

nth term of an A.P, (an) = - 4n + 15……..(1)

On putting n = 1, 2,3 ,…. in eq (1),

For n = 1

(an) = - 4n + 15

1 = - 4(1) + 15  

a1 = 11

For n = 2

a2 = - 4(2) + 15  

a2 = - 8 + 15  

a2 = 7

Common Difference , d = a2 - a1  

d = 7-11  

d = - 4

By using the formula ,Sum of nth terms , Sn = n/2 [2a + (n – 1) d]

S20 = (20/2)[2 × 11 + (20 -1)(-4)]

S20 = 10 [22 + 19 × - 4[

S20 = 10 [22 - 76]

S20 = 10 × - 54

S20 = - 540  

Hence,  the sum of first 20 terms of AP is  - 540.

How to balance a chemical equation

We take the reaction of formation of water.

H₂ + O₂ --> H₂O (unbalanced equation for formation of water)

This equation can be balanced by using certain steps as mentioned below.

Step I: list the number of atoms of each element present on both sides of arrow.

Step II: Begin balancing with the compound having maximum number of atoms. Following this rule we select H2O. Here there are 2 oxygen atoms on the reactant side but only 1 oxygen atom on the product side. So equation is unbalanced. In order to balance we need to do following step.

So the equation stands out to be

H₂ + O₂  --> 2H₂O

Step III: After balancing oxygen the equation is H₂ + O₂ à 2H₂O. So now we need to balance hydrogen atom.

 So the final equation stands out to be

2H₂ + O₂ --> 2H₂O

HRD Minister Ramesh Nishank announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction for the new academic year 2020-21 on July 7 which was soon followed by an official notification by CBSE on the same.

Considering the loss of classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, CBSE reduced the syllabus of classes 9 to 12 with the help of suggestions from NCERT.

The CBSE syllabus has been rationalized keeping intact the learning outcomes so that the core concepts of students can be retained.

CBSE stated in its notification that the deleted portions of the CBSE syllabus should not be considered for internal assessments or for the year-end board exams.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

Normally, people are not interested in others; they are far too busy with their own lives and problems. It is very difficult to find a person who is genuinely interested in us and will listen to us with understanding and feels sympathy for our problems. When we talk about our problems, people feel bored and become impatient. They want to end the conversation as they are neither bothered about our problems nor our lives.

On the other hand, when we write our feelings and thoughts on paper, we can write as long as we want. We can give vent to our feelings – both sad and happy. Paper does not get bored and does not stop us from writing. It becomes a patient friend who listens to us with attention and sympathy. 

Though, Anne had many friends but she did not have a friend in whom she could confide or who was genuinely interested in her life. Hence, Anne turned to her diary to give her feelings expression.

Syallbus of standard maths and basic maths is same

HRD Minister Ramesh Nishank announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction for the new academic year 2020-21 on July 7 which was soon followed by an official notification by CBSE on the same.

Considering the loss of classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, CBSE reduced the syllabus of classes 9 to 12 with the help of suggestions from NCERT.

The CBSE syllabus has been rationalized keeping intact the learning outcomes so that the core concepts of students can be retained.

CBSE stated in its notification that the deleted portions of the CBSE syllabus should not be considered for internal assessments or for the year-end board exams.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 10 Mathematics

Major forms of power sharing in modern democracy are:

• Power sharing among different Organs of the Government: In democracy, power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Juduciary.This is known as distribution of power. No organ of the governemnt can e P xcercise unlimited power as each ower sharing among different Organs of the Government organ checks the others.
• Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self government.This is called vertical division of government.
• Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In India, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
• Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power. When no party gets a majority, two or more parties come together to form a governemnt. In a democracy, pressure and interest groups also have an indirect share in the governemnt's power.

There are many economic as well as non-economic factors which contribute to the human development.

i ). Living a long and health life. 

ii ). To have education, information and knowledge.

iii). Enjoying a decent standard of living.

iv). Enjoying basic fundamental rights like freedom, security, education etc.

v ). To have equality and enjoyment of human rights.

(i)Louis XVI was from the Bourbon family of kings, who  ascended the throne of France In 1774.
(ii)He was 20 years old when he got married to the Austrian princess Marie Antoinette.
(iii)Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain their independence from the common enemy, Britain.

Though only 25 of the world’s 192 countries have federal political systems, their citizens make up 40 per cent of the world’s population. Most of the large countries of the world are federations.

This reaction is an example of a  displacement reaction.

Here Aluminum is more reactive metal than Fe. Therefore Al will displace Fe from its oxide. This type of chemical reactions in which one of the element displace another is called as displacement reaction. Here less reactive metal is displaced by more reactive metal. Since one-time displacement is occurring, therefore, it is called as single displacement reaction.

Displacement reaction is applicable in both non-metals and metals.  

The inauguration day
Tenth May dawned. It was bright and clear. Many world leaders had been coming to the author to pay respects to him. It was before the inauguration. The inauguration was to be the largest gathering of world leaders there.

The place of inauguration
The inauguration ceremonies took place in a big open building in Pretoria. Here the South Africa’s first democratic non-racial govt, was to be installed.

The swearing-in ceremony:
On that day the author was in the company of his daughter Zenani. Mr. De Klerk was first sworn in as second deputy President. Then Thabo Mbeki was sworn in as first deputy President. It was the author’s turn then. He was sworn in as the President. He pledged to obey and uphold the constitution. He also pledged to devote himself to the well-being of the people.

The author addresses
The author spoke of the newborn liberty. He thanked all the international guests. He said that they had come there to be with his countrymen. It was the common victory for justice, peace and human dignity. He pledged to liberate his people from poverty, suffering and discrimination.

Display by jets and helicopters
After a few moments colourful South African jets and helicopters flew over the Union Buildings there. It was for military’s loyalty to democracy for a new govt. Then the highest military generals having medals on their chests saluted the author. He thought that they would have arrested him many years before.

Singing of the national anthem
The day was symbolised for the author by the playing of two national anthems. The whites sang ‘Nkosi Sikelel’ and the blacks sang ‘Die Stem’. These formed the old anthems of the republic.

The author’s thoughts
On that day of the inauguration, the author thought of history. In the first decade the South African people had patched up their differences wifti other black-skinned people. They had built a system of superiority also. It was the basis of the harshest societies. This system had now stood overturned. Now it was the system that recognised the rights and freedoms of all people.

The author’s regret
This auspicious day came after the sacrifices of thousands of the people. The author thought of himself the sum of all those people. He was pained that he couldn’t thank them.

Freedom fighters remembered
The policy of apartheid created a lasting wound in his country and his people. This policy had produced great freedom fighters. They were like Oliver Tambos, Walter Sisulus, Chief Luthulis, Yusuf Dadoos etc. They were men of uncommon courage, wisdom and generosity. The country was rich in minerals. But its greatest wealth was its people.

The definition of courage
From these people the author learned the meaning of courage. They risked their lives. They underwent great torture. He learned that courage was not the absence of fear but the victory over it.

Man’s natural goodness
The author says that no one is bom hating another person due to colour or religion. They k could be taught to love. Love comes naturally to the human heart. In prison they were pushed to the wall. But he saw humanity in the hearts of the guards. It was man’s essential goodness. It can’t be put out.

Man’s duties
In life every man has twin duties—to his family, to his community and country. The author found it difficult to fulfil these two duties. It was because a coloured man in South Africa was punished if he lived like a human being. Such a man was forced to live apart from his own people. So he was not allowed to do his duties to his family.

Freedom defined
The author was bom free. He was not bom with a hunger to be free. He was free as long as he obeyed his father and obeyed the customs of his tribe. But soon he realized that his freedom was an illusion. He began to hunger for freedom when it was taken from him. As a student he wanted freedom to read and go. As „ a young man in Johannesburg he wanted freedom to be as per his potential. He also wanted the freedom of livelihood of his own and of family.

Desire for freedom made him bold
But soon he saw that he was also not free like his brothers and sisters. Then he joined the African National Congress. His hunger for freedom became great for the freedom of his people. The desire for the freedom of his people to live with dignity gave him power. It made him bold. It made him live like a monk. The chains on his people became chains for him too.

Oppressor and the oppressed without humanity
The author knew that the oppressor must be liberated like the oppressed. A man who takes away another’s freedom becomes the hated. No one is free if he is taking someone else’s freedom. Both the oppressor and the oppressed ire robbed of humanity

(i) In 1845 the Silesian weavers revolted against contractors who supplied them raw material and gave them orders for finished textiles but drastically reduced their payments.
(ii) Dissatisfied and resented weavers emerged from their homes on 4 June and marched in pairs up to the mansion of their contractor demanding higher wages.
(iii) When the contractor showed reluctance, a group of them forced their way into the house, smashed its elegant window panes, furniture, porcelain, etc.
(iv) Another group broke into the store house and plundered it of supplies of cloth which they tore to shreds.
(v) The contractor fled with his family to a neighbouring village which ultimately refused to shelter such a person. He returned 24 hours later having requisitioned the army. In the exchange that followed, eleven weavers were shot.