The word dilation, in terms of human physiology, means to relax, open, or widen. ... Dilation is an autonomic process, which means it cannot be consciously controlled. It is used as a method of regulating, or controlling, the passage of materials, fluids, and solids within the body. Dilatation is defined as a region of dilation, an area of abnormal enlargement, or the surgical enlargement of a region (noun describing the verb). Dilation is defined as the act of dilating (stretching out), the state of being dilated, and confusingly: dilatation. Both definitions cross-refer to one another.

The variation is important and beneficial for species as it allows a species to adapt to a changing environment.

For example, climate change can force a species to shift its range to poleward or to higher altitudes.

Only those who adopt the changes can survive in harsher conditions by adapting to the changes.

For an individual, the variation doesn't matter in most of the conditions.

Take the example of we humans, if a climate change happens, we can shed our clothes and our body will help us control the temperature, and if the environment gets colder, we can wear more clothes to protect us.

However, in conditions like any new virus or bacteria attack which is harmful to humans, our body has to adapt according to this scenario or we will perish.

RBI

The currency notes on behalf of the Central Government are issued by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) only.

Mandela mentions that every man has twin obligations. The first is to his family, parents, wife, and children; the second obligation is to his people, his community and his country.

Mrs Pumphrey thinks that the dog’s recovery is “a triumph of surgery” because in two weeks, Tricki had recovered completely and had been transformed into a hard-muscled animal. When Tricki saw her,he leaped into her lap and licked her face. She was so excited that tears started rolling out of her eyes. She declared Tricki’s recovery as a triumph of surgery to express her happiness and gratitude towards the doctor.

The poet, John Berryman in The Ball Poem' describes the grief of a boy over the loss of his ball. With that loss he senses his first responsibility in a materialistic world; where those whom you love and your worldly possessions will not be with you forever. The poet watches a young boy playing with his ball. The next minute, his ball rolls away from him and fall into the water of the harbor. As the boy watches his ball disappear, he can also feel his childhood slip away from him. He feels himself growing up very fast as he learns that loss is a part of everyday life and that life goes on despite it. The sight of the sad little boy pains the poet, but he knows that growing up is an unavoidable process.

Serfdom was the status of many peasants under feudalism, specifically relating to manorialism, and similar systems.

A <i>serf</i> is a person who is forced to work on a plot of land, especially during the medieval period when Europe practiced feudalism, when a few lords owned all the land and everyone else had to toil on it.

Indian textiles had a heavy demand in the international market. Cotton textiles made huge profit as the clothes made out of cotton were comfortable to wear. Moreover, the finish of the hand-made cotton products were good and attracted more customers abroad.

In points:-
(i) Collapse of local and foreign market :
Due to industrialisation in Britain, their export market collapsed. As British traders started exporting machine- made clothes to India, so their local market shrank.

(ii) Shortage of raw material : As raw cotton was being exported to England, there was a shortage of raw materials.
When the American Civil War broke out. and the cotton supplies from the United States were cut off. Britain turned to India. As raw cotton exports Iron India increased, the price of raw cotton shot up Weavers in India were starved of supplies and forced to buy raw cotton at higher prices.

(iii) Clashes with Gomasthas : Gomasthas were appointed by the government to supervise weavers to collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth. The Gomasthas acted arrogantly and punished weavers for delays in supply. So. the weavers dashed with them.

(iv) System of advances: The Britishers started the system of advances to regularise the supply of cotton and cloth. The weavers eagerly took the advances, in a hope to cam more but they faded to do so They even started losing small plots of land which they had earlier cultivated.

• Lightning can be explained in terms of charges produced due to rubbing. During a thunderstorm, the air currents move upwards and the water droplets move downwards. And this caused due to the separation of charge due to this vigorous motion.
• As a result of this process, the positive charges collect near the upper edge and the negative charges accumulate near the lower edge of the cloud and also near the ground.
• As the charge gets accumulated, its magnitude becomes very large. Water droplets in the air act as a conductor of this charge.
• These charges flow to meet, thus producing strikes of lightning and thunder. For this phenomenon to occur, a sufficiently high elect

Reasons of unpopular Napoleonic rule over other regions were:

(i) Administrative reforms did not go hand-inhand with political freedom. The newly annexed regions found themselves under the French rule.

(ii) The newly acquired territories had to face increased taxation and censorship.

(iii) The forced conscription into French army to conquer other parts of Europe was not popular with the newly conquered people.

Features of Vienna Treaty of 1815:

• Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, European governments were driven by a spirit of conservatism.
• In 1815, representatives of the European powers - Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe.
• The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Mettemich.
• The delegates drew up the Treaty of Vienna of 1815 with object of undoing most of the changes that had come about in Europe during the Napoleon war.
• The Bourbon dynasty was restored to power.
• A series of states were set up on the boundaries of France to prevent French expansion in future.
• The Kingdom of the Netherlands, which included Belgium was set up in the north.
• Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
• Prussia was given new territories on its western frontiers.
• Austria was given control of northern Italy.
• In the east, Russia was given part of Poland while Prussia was given a portion of Saxony.

(a) In 1834, a customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia. It was joined by most of the German States.
(b) The aim of zollverein was to bind the Germans economically into a nation. The Union abolished the tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to only two.
It helped to awaken and raise national sentiment through a fusion of individual and provincial interests. The German people realised that a free economic system was the only means to engender national feeling.

Nitrogen and phosphorus are two very important nutrients when fertilizing seedlings. This can be found in most common fertilizers that are designed to promote plant growth. The embryo is the fertilised ovule, an immature plant from which a new plant will grow under proper conditions. The embryo has one cotyledon or seed leaf in monocotyledons, two cotyledons in almost all dicotyledons and two or more in gymnosperms. Environmental factors such as temperature, light, pH, and soil moisture are known to affect seed germination.

Given: Two resistors with resistances R1=5ohm and R2=10ohm, V=6volt 

(a) For minimum current these two should be connected in series. For maximum current these two should be connected in parallel. 

(b)In series, 

Total resistance = 5+10 = 15ohms 

Therefore total current drawn = V/R = 6/15 = 0.4amps 

In parallel, 

Total resistance R is given as 1/R=1/R₁+1/R₂ 

1/R =1/5+1/10 

1/R=3/10 

R=10/3 ohm 

Therefore total current drawn by the circuit = V/R = 6/(10/3) =1.8amps. 

The Ball fell into the nearby river.

The poet is talking about a boy who has lost his ball. He wants to know about him and his reaction because he has lost his ball. Further, he asks to himself that what this boy will do after losing his ball. The poet has seen the ball going away from the boy. He says that the ball was cheerfully jumping up and down in the street. This means that when the ball skipped from boy’s hand it went into the street and later on, it fell into the nearby river.