Refractive index of glass = speed of light in vacuum/ speed of light in glass ​
=3×10⁸m/s​ / 2×10⁸ km/s
=1.5

When red litmus paper is placed into a basic substance, it will turn blue. If it comes in contact with an acidic or neutral substance, it will remain red. Red litmus paper is meant to test only for an alkaline pH level. The blue litmus will turn red or pink when it comes into contact with an acidic solution below pH 4.5. Between 4.5 and 8.3 the paper will be purple. ... Litmus paper is NOT used to determine the pH level of a solution.

Making a basic web page using HTML

1. Step 1: Creating a new HTML document. The first thing to do is actually create a new HTML document that will become our web page. ...
2. Step 2: Add a title to your HTML document. ...
3. Step 3: Add some text and an image to the web page. ...
4. Your first website using HTML. The good news is that you too can use them freely when creating a website with HTML and CSS. Quite frankly, you can customize any tag you add to your page's structure by assigning any number of classes to it. If you want to see the complete list of the classes available, you can open the main creative.

The quadratic polynomial of the .  

To find:

“Quadratic polynomial” whose zeros are 

Solution:

A quadratic polynomial is a polynomial of degree 2. A univariate quadratic polynomial has the form . An equation involving a ‘quadratic polynomial’ is called a quadratic equation.

(i) The power that is shared among different organs of government equally is known as horizontal power sharing.
(ii) Horizontal power sharing places all the organs of the government, i.e., legislature, executive and judiciary at the same level.
(iii) Under this kind of power sharing no organ can exercise unlimited powers.
(iv) This system is also known as system of checks and balances.
(v) For example, in India, though the ministers and government officials exercise power, but they are responsible to the parliament or state legislatures. Similarly, although the judges are appointed by the executive, but they can check the functioning of executive of laws made by the legislatures.

Power sharing is true spirit of democracy because
(i) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups.
(ii) It is a good way to ensure the stability of the political order.
(iii) Here, people have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed. Thus, a legitimate government, is one where citizens, through participation, acquire a stake in the system.

(i) All states in the Indian Union do not have identical powers. For example, Jammu and Kashmir enjoys a special status and has its own constitution. 

(ii) Many provisions of the Indian Constitution do not apply here. 

(iii) Indians who are not the permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir cannot buy land or house there. 

(iv) Smaller units called Union Territories do not have the powers of a state. The Central Government has special powers in running these areas.

Using the Pythagoras answer the following questions:

1) What is the length of the broken part?

A) 15 m

B) 20 m

C) 25 m

D) 30 m

2) What was the height of the full tree?

A) 40 m

B) 50 m

C) 35 m

D) 30 m

3) In the formed right-angle triangle what is the length of the hypotenuse?

A) 15 m

B) 20 m

C) 25 m

D) 30m

4) What is the area of the formed right angle triangle?

A) 100 m2

B) 200 m2

C) 60 m2

D) 150 m2

5 )What is the perimeter of the formed triangle?

A) 60 m

B) 50 m

C) 45 m

D) 100 m

Answer

1)C

2)A

3)C

4)D

5)A

The story ‘The Hack Driver’ is the story of a hack driver called Oliver Lutkins. He lived at New Mullion. He was an important witness in a court case. The law firm wrote many letters to him but he did not appear before the court. At last, the firm sent a young lawyer to New Mullion to issue summons to Lutkins. The junior assistant clerk did not recognise Lutkins. Lutkins met him at the station. He took the assistant clerk all over the town in search of Lutkins although he himself was Lutkins. He could not serve the summons to Lutkins. He had to return back to the city. But the owner of the legal firm sent him back to New Mullion. He could serve the summons to Lutkins this time`The Hack Driver’ is the story of a very cunning manipulator Bill (Oliver Lutkins). It also shows that appearances are often deceptive. Once, the narrator, a junior clerk in a law firm, had to go to New Mullion to serve a summon to Oliver Lutkins. There he met Bill (Oliver Lutkins), the hack driver. When the narrator asked about Oliver Lutkins, Bill took him to Fritz who replied that Oliver had been there a little while ago. Bill, who was Oliver Lutkins himself, made a plan to befool the narrator. In a very friendly but subtle way, Bill manipulated the tour, taking the lawyer around the village. He arranged meetings with Fritz, Gustaf’s shop owner, a barber etc. Then Bill took him to Oliver Lutkins’ mother who was a terrible, huge woman who threatened to beat them. At last, he returned disappointed. He couldn’t trace Oliver Lutkins. His boss rebuked him badly and asked him to go back to New Mullion with a person who knew Lutkins. When they reached there, he found Bill and Lutkins’ mother together. The man recognised Lutkins. He told that Bill no one but Lutkins himself.

The removing barriers or restrictions set by the government is called liberalisation.

The destruction caused by the hailstorm on Lencho's field was devastating. The rain was pouring down when suddenly the strong winds brought on large hailstones with the rain. The hailstorm rained on the valley for several hours and Lencho's field was completely destroyed.

a. The French Revolution challenged absolute monarchy and established France as a Republic, the revolution also popularized the ideas of liberty , equality and fraternity. This became an example for other states in Europe.
b. The revolutionaries used various symbols like flag, ideas of fatherland to instill a sense of collective identity among the people.
c. The French revolution was the first expression of the feeling of nationalism in Europe. The revolutionaries further declared their mission to liberate Europe from despotism.
d. It was through the role of French army, by the activities and campaigns carried out by Jacobin clubs that idea of nation, of collective identity became poulraised.
e. Napolean who had conquered large part of Europe brought about administrative changes, uniform civil code, abolished feudal system. All this helped in creating a sense of unification.
f. He sought to modernize army set to conquer neighbouring European countries. He established control over the European Continent through a series of military victories and exported Napoleonic code to many European countries like Italy, Switzerland, Germany.
g. Napoleon also introduced weights and measures, introduced common currency.
h. All this facilitated economic and political unification in Europe

SELF Help Group are small groups of 15-20 members of rural people in particular women belonging to one neighbouhood who meet and saves regularly. The members of the group can take small loan to meet their needs on low interest rate.
Role:

• Most of the decisions regarding the savings and loan activities are taken by the group members.
• The group decides as regards the loans to be granted- the purpose, amount, interest to be
  charged, repayment schedule etc.
• Group is responsible for the repayment of the loan.
• Any case of non-repayment of loan, by any one member is followed up seriously by other members in the group.
• The SHG help borrowers overcome the problem of collateral.
• They provide timely loans for a variety of purposes and at a reasonable interest rate.

• Self-Help Groups (SHGs) are informal associations of people who choose to come together to find ways to improve their living conditions.
• It can be defined as self governed, peer controlled information group of people with similar socio-economic background and having a desire to collectively perform common purpose.
• Villages face numerous problems related to poverty, illiteracy, lack of skills, lack of formal credit etc. These problems cannot be tackled at an individual level and need collective efforts.
• Thus SHG can become a vehicle of change for the poor and marginalized. SHG rely on the notion of “Self Help” to encourage self-employment and poverty alleviation.

Functions

• It looks to build the functional capacity of the poor and the marginalized in the field of employment and income generating activities.
• It resolves conflicts through collective leadership and mutual discussion.
• It provides collateral free loan with terms decided by the group at the market driven rates.
• Such groups work as a collective guarantee system for members who propose to borrow from organised sources. The poor collect their savings and save it in banks. In return they receive easy access to loans with a small rate of interest to start their micro unit enterprise.
• Consequently, Self-Help Groups have emerged as the most effective mechanism for delivery of microfinance services to the poor.

Solution:

(i) Taking A as origin, coordinates of the vertices P, Q and R are,

From figure: P = (4, 6), Q = (3, 2), R (6, 5)

Here AD is the x-axis and AB is the y-axis.

(ii) Taking C as origin,

Coordinates of vertices P, Q and R are ( 12, 2) , (13, 6) and (10, 3) respectively.

Here CB is the x-axis and CD is the y-axis.

Find the area of triangles:

Area of triangle PQR in case of origin A:

Using formula: Area of a triangle =

= ½ [4(2 – 5) + 3 (5 – 6) + 6 (6 – 2)]

= ½ ( – 12 – 3 + 24 )

= 9/2 sq unit

(ii) Area of triangle PQR in case of origin C:

Area of a triangle =

= ½ [ 12(6 – 3) + 13 ( 3 – 2) + 10( 2 – 6)]

= ½ ( 36 + 13 – 40)

= 9/2 sq unit

This implies, Area of triangle PQR at origin A = Area of triangle PQR at origin C

Area is same in both case because triangle remains the same no matter which point is considered as origin.

Friedrich Wilhelm IV was the king of Prussia, when the deputies offered the crowd he rejected it and joined other monarchs to oppose the elected assembly.

The balanced chemical equation for the electrolysis of water is

It can be observed from the balanced chemical equation that the volumes of hydrogen and oxygen produced during electrolysis are in the ratio 2:1. Thus, the volume of hydrogen gas collected in the process is double than that of oxygen.

A page break is a marker in an electronic document that tells the document interpreter that the content which follows is part of a new page. A page break causes a form feed to be sent to the printer during spooling of the document to the printer. Thus it is one of the elements that contributes to pagination.

Uses of a concave mirror:

1. In torch, search light, head lights etc. concave mirror is used as reflector.

2. It is used as dentist's head mirror.

Uses of a convex mirror:

1. It is used as reflector in street lamps.

2. It is used as a rear view mirror in vehicles

How to Write Application for Leave in School

1. Salutation
2. The subject of the application
3. Reason for Your leave
4. Number of leaves needed (particular dates)
5. Work plan during your absence
6. Contact information
7. Signature

Annual Leave Application Format

Subject: Annual Leave Application

Dear Mr/Mrs (name of recipient),

I am writing this application to inform that I am taking my leave for a long period. Since my yearly allowance is left, hence I would like to avail of all my leaves.

I request you to kindly approve my leave for 20 days, as I will be going for a long vacation with my family and will stay out of the station these days. Therefore, I would like to take leave from (start date) till (end-date).

I have assigned my work to (name of the person) for the time period when I would not be available. Since we are working on the same team, so he/she knows the work very well. Most of the tasks I have already finished, only a little part is left to be carried out by him/her.

I am always available on my phone or emails if anything required.

I will be resuming my work since (date) and take care of the rest of the work.

Thanks for the consideration.

Yours Sincerely,
(Name).

Self Induction: When there is a change in the current or magnetic flux of the coil, an opposed induced electromotive force is produced. This phenomenon is termed as Self Induction. When the current starts flowing through the coil at any instant, it is found that, that the magnetic flux becomes directly proportional to the current passing through the circuit. The relation is given as:

ϕ= I

ϕ = L I

Mutual Induction: We take two coils, and they are placed close to each other.  The two coils are P- coil (Primary coil) and S- coil (Secondary coil). To the P-coil, a battery, and a key is connected wherein the S-coil a galvanometer is connected across it. When there is a change in the current or magnetic flux linked with two coils an opposing electromotive force is produced across each coil, and this phenomenon is termed as Mutual Induction. The relation is given as:

ϕ = I

ϕ = M I

Working principle of electric motors

The working of an electric motor is based on the assumption that a conductive current generates a magnetic field around it. Consider the following situation,

Take two bar magnets, and leave a small space between the poles facing each other. Now, take a small conductive wire length and make a loop. Keep this connection between the magnets, so that it is still inside the magnet’s area of influence. Now for the final part. Attach loop ends to battery terminals.

As electricity flows through your simple circuit, you will find that your loop “moves.” The magnet’s magnetic field interferes with that generated by the conductor’s electrical current flow. Because the loop has become a magnet, it will draw one side of it to the magnet’s north pole, and the other to the south pole. That causes the loop to rotate continuously. This is the idea of an electric motor working.

HRD Minister Ramesh Nishank announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction for the new academic year 2020-21 on July 7 which was soon followed by an official notification by CBSE on the same.

Considering the loss of classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, CBSE reduced the syllabus of classes 9 to 12 with the help of suggestions from NCERT.

The CBSE syllabus has been rationalized keeping intact the learning outcomes so that the core concepts of students can be retained.

CBSE stated in its notification that the deleted portions of the CBSE syllabus should not be considered for internal assessments or for the year-end board exams.

Deleted syllabus of CBSE Class 10 Social Science

 location of sugar mills close to the fields:

• The raw material used, (i.e.,) sugarcane is bulky and perishable.
• It cannot be transported to long distances because its sucrose content dries up fast, so it should be processed within 24 hours of its harvest.