A consumer is in a state of equilibrium when he maximizes his satisfaction by spending his given income on different goods and services. Any deviation or change in the allocation of income under the given circumstance will lead to a fall in total satisfaction.

For one-commodity case: Rupee worth of satisfaction actually received by the consumer is equal to the marginal utility of money as specified by the consumer himself. 

Condition 1 :  MU(of good X) = MU(of money) OR , PRICE(of good X) = MU(of money)

Reason: Price paid by the consumers should be exactly equal to the money value of MU that he derives. In case P(of X) is lesser than the MU(of money), he should be prompted to buy more of good X. Higher consumption will lead to a fall in MU. The consumption of good X would stop only when P(of good X) will be equal to MU(in terms of money). Likewise, if P(of X) is greater than MU(in terms of money), the consumer will be prompted to buy less of good X, leading to a fall in MU.

Condition 2: Marginal utility of money remains constant.

Condition 3: Law of marginal utility holds good.

For two-commodity case:   Rupee worth of marginal utility of money should be same across good X and good Y, and equal to marginal utility of money.

Reason: In case rupee worth of satisfaction (MU of good X/ price of good X) is greater for good X than good Y, the consumer will be prompted to buy more of good X and less of good Y. This would lead to a fall in marginal utility of good X and a rise in marginal utility of good Y. This process would continue till MU(of good X)/ Price of good X = MU(OF GOOD Y)/ Price of good Y = MU(of money) . In case rupee worth of satisfaction (MU of good y/ price of good Y) is greater for good Y than good X, the consumer will be prompted to buy more of good Y and less of good X. This would lead to a fall in marginal utility of good Y and a rise in marginal utility of good X.

Peggy and Maddie were remorseful after Miss Mason read Wanda’s father’s letter to the class. Both of them wanted to amend their behavior towards Wnada. Maddie was hurt the most and began empathizing with Wanda. Peggy and Maddie decided they would go to Wanda’s house at Boggins Height and tell her the news she had won the drawing contest. They wanted to tell her she was very talented and smart. They also wanted to tell her hey were sorry for having made fun of her.

 Peggy had told Maddie with pretended casualness that both of them should go and see if Wanda had left the town or not. The excuse that Peggy thought up for her behaviour was that she never called Wanda a foreigner or made fun of her name

After listening to the note from Wanda’s father, Maddie had a very sick and guilty feeling in the bottom of her stomach. She could not concentrate when she tried to prepare her lessons. She had not enjoyed listening to Peggy , ask Wanda "how many dresses she had in her closet".

Peggy always makes fun of Wanda by asking her how many dresses and shoes she had. She was amused when Wanda told that she had hundred dresses and sixty pairs of shoes. Maddie was also a poor girl and used to wear old clothes given by others. Peggy’s questions to Wanda used to embarrass Maddie. She was not like Wanda. She did not have a funny name. She did not live in a slum colony.

The skeletal system provides support and protection for the body’s internal organs and gives the muscles a point of attachment. Humans have an endoskeleton, where our bones lie underneath our skin and muscles. In other animals, such as insects, there is an exoskeleton on the outside of the body.

When Peggy and Maddie entered the room, they saw beautiful drawings of dress designs all over the room. Soon, Miss Mason announced that Wanda won the competition. She had made a hundred drawings of beautiful dress designs.

Among the boys Jack beggles and among the girls Wanda petronski won the drawing contest. To show her determination, she didn't attend the school for two days and had drawn a hundred sketches of dresses of different colours.

Wanda had drawn all the dresses which she had claimed to have in the class. Everybody was very impressed with her drawing skill and clapped for her.

Among the boys Jack beggles and among the girls Wanda petronski won the drawing contest. To show her determination, she didn't attend the school for two days and had drawn a hundred sketches of dresses of different colours.
Wanda had drawn all the dresses which she had claimed to have in the class. Everybody was very impressed with her drawing skill and clapped for her.

Everyone cheered and clapped after having a look at Wanda's drawings. The boys and girls who were not showing interest in her drawings whistled, appreciated and applauded at the sketches which Wanda had made of the hundred dresses that she had claimed to have made.

Maddie wrote a note to Peggy because she didn't want to loose Peggy's friendship and also because she wanted Peggy to stop making fun of Wanda. She wrote the note instead of going and talking to her in person because she didn't have courage to look her in the face and tell her what she's doing. After writing the note Maddie tore it rather then giving it to Peggy because she thought that Peggy won't value her thoughts and instead would get annoyed by that note. She also feared that Peggy would make fun of her (Maddie) instead of changing her own behaviour.

Maddie was an inseparable friend of Peggy. They studied in the same class and school. They enjoyed together and lived together. Peggy was rich. Maddie was not so rich as Peggy. She was just like Wanda. Peggy used to make fun of Wanda about her dresses or shoes. Wanda told lies about her shoes and . dresses. Peggy knew it but she definitely made fun of her. Maddie was always with Peggy when she made fun of Wanda. Maddie did not like it. She wanted to stop Peggy from teasing Wanda but she did not have courage to do so. Sometimes when Peggy was asking Wanda those questions mockingly, Maddie used to feel embarrassed because she herself was a poor girl.

Peggy always makes fun of Wanda by asking her how many dresses and shoes she had. She was amused when Wanda told that she had hundred dresses and sixty pairs of shoes. Maddie was also a poor girl and used to wear old clothes given by others. Peggy’s questions to Wanda used to embarrass Maddie. She was not like Wanda. She did not have a funny name. She did not live in a slum colony.

 Wanda Petronski was a Polish girl who had immigrated to America along with her family. She was poor that she came in a faded blue colored dress. It was looking good. But it was not properly ironed. Wanda used to sit at the corner where the boys who scored lower arks used to sit.

She was teased by Peggy and Madie because she used to say that she has hundreds of dresses in her closet. No one knew that the dresses she had mentioned were paintings made by her.

Jhum cultivation, also known as Slash-and-Burn cultivation is a practice of cultivation where a piece of forest land is cleared and cultivated. The clearing is done by burning the trees so that soil is rich in potash and other minerals to sustain the crop. It is practised in the north-eastern and eastern regions of India.

Wanda Petronski was a Polish girl who had shifted to America from Poland with her parents. She was very poor and lived in Boggins Heights. She was very shy and quiet. She did not talk to anyone. She had no friends and sat in the last row of the class with some naughty boys so that nobody noticed her. She wore the same faded blue dress everyday which was not ironed but clean

In barter system of trading, money was not involved instead people use to buy and sell with the goods which they had. For example if a vendor is selling a bag of rice to the butcher, the butcher in turn will give equal amount of meat to the vendor.

Likewise the forest people get their supplies of rice and other grains by selling the product prepared and manufactured by them.

Mr Keesing was an old maths teacher at Anne’s school.He was very strict by Nature. He would not tolerate anyone talking in his class. Naturally, he remained quiet annoyed with Anne who was no doubt the Chatterbox.He would punish her by giving her extra homework. Anne would stuff her assigned homework with such funny contents that not only the class but even Mr Keesing felt greatly delighted. But Mr Keesing still failed to stop Anne's habit of chattering in the class. With the intention of making a mockery of Anne he gave her an essay to write on the topic: ‘Quack, Quack, Quack,’ Mrs Chatterbox. Anne wrote her essay in the form of a story in verse. It told the story of a mother duck and a father swan. The father bites his three ducklings to death because they quacked too much. The father in the poem is clearly Mr Keesing and the ducklings are the children of his class. Luckily Mr Keesing took the joke the right way. He enjoyed this poem and read it  to several classes. He stopped giving Anne any extra homework. He allowed her to talk in the class. He even started making jokes with the children. Thus we see how even Mr Keesing got infected by Anne's sense of humour.

Hunters and gatherers are a community of humans in the society who obtain their food by hunting wild animals and by gathering plants and plants products such as nuts, seeds, roots, fruits etc.

In her final entry, Frank wrote of how others perceive her, describing herself as “a bundle of contradictions.” She wrote: “As I've told you many times, I'm split in two. One side contains my exuberant cheerfulness, my flippancy, my joy in life and, above all, my ability to appreciate the lighter side of things.

Shifting Cultivation is known as Ladang in Indonesia, Caingin in Philippines, Milpa in central America & Mexico, Ray in Vietnam, Taungya In Myanmar , Tamrai in Thailand, Chena in Sri Lanka, Conuco in Venezuela, Roca in Brazil, Masole in central Africa. In India, it is known by various local names. Most common among these is 'Jhum' cultivation.

Anne's entire class was anxious and nervous because they were waiting to hear who will be promoted to the next grade. Anne's entire class was anxious and nervous because their teachers were having a meeting. There they were to decide who would move on to the next class and who would be kept back.