NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Civilising the Native Educating the Nation

1.Match the following:

Ans :

2. State whether true or false:

(a) James Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists.

Ans: True

(b) The 1854 Dispatch on education was in favour of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India.

Ans: True

(c) Mahatma Gandhi thought that promotion of literacy was the most important aim of education.

Ans: False

(d) Rabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline.

Ans: False

3. Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?

Ans :

• William Jones came to represent a particular attitude towards India. He shared a deep respect for ancient cultures, both of India and the West. Indian civilisation, he felt, had attained its glory in the ancient past, but had subsequently declined.
• William Jones felt the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law due to his respect towards Indian studies.
• It would also help the British learn from Indian culture.
• It would also provide opportunities to Indians to rediscover and understand their lost heritage and glories.
• Moreover, it would establish British as the guardians of Indian culture.

4. Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?

Ans :

1. Both James Mill and Thomas Macaulay saw India as an uncivilised country that needed to be civilised.
2. James Mill and Thomas Macaulay thought that European education would enable Indians to recognise the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce and make them see the importance of developing the resources of the country.
3. European ways of life aimed to change their tastes and desires and create a demand for British goods because Indians would begin to appreciate and buy things that were produced in Europe.
4. It would also improve the moral character of Indians. It would make them truthful and honest and thus supply the company with civil servants who could be trusted and demanded upon. It could also instill in people a sense of duty and commitment to work and develop the skills required for administration.
5. Macaulay felt that knowledge of English would allow Indians to read some of the finest literature the world had produced. It would make them aware of the developments in Western Science and philosophy.
6. The teaching of English could civilise people setting. He saw it as an abode of peace, where living in harmony with nature, children could cultivate their natural creativity.

5. Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach children handicrafts?

Ans: Mahatma Gandhi insisted to teach children handicraft because of the following reasons:

• Teaching handicrafts aimed at developing their minds and their capacity to understand.
• This would also enable them to know how different things operated.
• Teaching handicrafts would also help them to have lived experience.
• It also enables children to gain practical knowledge.

6. Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?

Ans :

1. According to Mahatma Gandhi, English education created a sense of inferiority in the minds of Indians. It made to see Indians Western civilisation as superior and destroyed their pride in their own culture.
2. Western education has enslaved Indians and Indians are unaware of it, in Gandhi’s opinion.
3. Thus, charmed by the West and by everything coming from the West, the Indians educated under the colonial system would end up being the admirers of British rule in India; thus, willingly forgetting their enslavement, and enslaving themselves further.

NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

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