CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25

CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus

Students must follow the updated CBSE syllabus to ensure they are aligned with the official curriculum. With the most recent syllabus, students can focus on important topics, manage their study time effectively, and prepare for their exams with confidence using myCBSEGuide App. The CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus for the 2024-25 session encompasses a range of topics that provide students with a thorough understanding of human geography and physical landscapes. Some key topics covered in this syllabus include:

• Human Geography
• People and Human Activities
• Transport, Communication, and Trade
• Human Settlements
• Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
• International Trade and Global Connections

This syllabus allows students to explore the complex interactions between people, their environment, and various global systems, helping them build a strong foundation for both academic and real-world applications. Visit myCBSEguide  to find the latest syllabus, along with additional study materials like sample papers, test papers, and revision notes. These resources are designed to help students prepare efficiently for the exams, offering tools to reinforce their understanding and boost their performance.

Structured Approach to Exam Preparation

By following the Class 12 Geography syllabus, students can organize their study plan effectively, ensuring that they focus on essential topics and areas that are likely to appear on the exam. The syllabus offers a structured approach to understanding global issues such as urbanization, population dynamics, and economic activities, which are crucial for both the theory and practical exams.

Class 12 Geography Mobile App

CBSE Class 12
Geography (Code No. 029)
Syllabus (2024-25)

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Prescribed Textbook

1. Fundamentals of Human Geography
2. India – People and Economy
3. Practical work in Geography- Part II

Links for Rationalised 2024-25 NCERT textbooks:

1. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?legy1=0-8
2. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?legy2=0-9
3. https://ncert.nic.in/textbook.php?legy3=0-

Note:

1. The above textbooks are also available in Hindi medium.
2. Kindly refer to the latest editions of all NCERT Textbooks.

COURSE STRUCTURE

Fundamentals of Human Geography

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	No. of Periods	Weightage
Unit I
1	Human Geography	7	3
Unit II
2	The World Population Density Distribution and Growth	9	8
3	Human Development	7
Unit III
4	Primary Activities	12	19
5	Secondary Activities	10
6	Tertiary and Quaternary Activities	10
7	Transport, Communication and Trade	15
8	International Trade	10
Map work (Based on identification of features on World Political Map)		10	5
Total		90	35

India People and Economy

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	No. of Periods	Weightage
Unit I
1	Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition	10	5
Unit II
2	Human Settlements	8	3
Unit III
3	Land Resources and Agriculture	9	10
4	Water Resources	9
5	Mineral And Energy Resources	9
6	Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context	7
Unit IV
7	Transport and Communication	11	7
8	International Trade	9
Unit V
9	Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems	8	5
Map Work (Based on Marking and labelling on a political Map of India)		10	5
Total		90	35

Geography Practical-II

Chapter No.	Chapter Name	Period	Weightage
1	Data-its source and Compilation	5	18
2	Data Processing	8
3	Graphical representation of Data	15
4	Spatial Information Technology	12	7
Practical Record Book and Viva Voce			5
Total		40	30

COURSE CONTENT

Fundamental of Human Geography
Chapter 1: Human Geography

• To define Human Geography and describe the nature and scope of Human Geography as a discipline.

Chapter 2: The World Population – distribution, density and growth

• To familiarize learners with some basic concepts of Population Geography.
• To understand the patterns of population distribution in the world and correlate the factors influencing population distribution.

Chapter 3: Human Development

• To understand the concept human development introduced by Dr. Mehbub Ul Haq and Prof. Amartya Sen.

Chapter 4: Primary Activities

• To understand various categories of economic activities.
• To describe Primary activities and relate the physical and social factors that affect the type of primary activities practiced in different regions of the world.
• To explain main features of different types of agricultural system practiced in the world.

Chapter 5: Secondary Activities

• To develop understanding of secondary activities with emphasis on manufacturing industries.
• To give an overview of manufacturing processes, types, its significance and recent changes.

Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities

• To understand different types of tertiary activity and its importance in the economy.

Chapter 7: Transport and Communication

• To acquire knowledge about various modes of transport in different continents.
• To compare and synthesize the information about major transport routes around the globe.
• To understand the development of communication networks and their impact on the modern world.

Chapter 8: International Trade

• Familiarize the students with the basic concepts and principles of International trade.
• To understand the basis of International trade, Balance of trade and types of International trade.
• Gain knowledge about the concept of Dumping.
• To outline the historical perspective of globalization and Role of WTO, its functions and its implications on the world trade.
• Examine the importance of sea ports as Gateways of International trade

India People and Economy
Chapter 1: Population: Distribution Density, Growth and Composition

• To correlate population distribution and density with the physiography of India.
• To familiarize students with the demographic attributes of India

Chapter 2: Human Settlements

• To understand how the form and size of settlement of any particular region reflects human relationship with the environment.

Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture

• To familiarise students with the land-use categories as maintained in the land revenue records.
• To analyse the changes in landuse pattern registered in India due to change in shares of primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in GDP.

Chapter 4: Water Resources

• To familiarise students about the water resources available in India and the factors that determine spatial distribution of the available water resources in the country and its utilization.

Chapter 5: Mineral and energy resources

• To know about distribution of various minerals in the world.
• To understand and realize the importance of minerals in human life.
• To create an awareness about nature of different minerals and how to sustain them for the future.

Chapter 6: Planning and sustainable development in Indian Context

• To understand the need for centralised planning (sectoral planning and regional planning) to accelerate uniform economic development over space as well the role of NITI Aayog.

Chapter 7: Transport and Communication

• To acquire knowledge about various means of transport spread in different parts of India.
• To compare and correlate various modes of transport to the physical regions of India.
• To evaluate the impact of transport and communication networks on the development of our nation.

Chapter 8: International Trade

• To familiarise students about the changes that have taken place in India’s international trade in terms of volume, composition and direction.

Chapter 9: Geographical Perspective on selected issues

• To explain the causes and consequences of different types of pollution in India and suggest the measures to control it.

Practical Work in Geography Part II
Chapter 1: Data its source and compilation

• To understand the importance of data and its uses in Geography

Chapter 2: Data Processing

• To calculate Measures of Central tendency
• To Compare Mean, Median and Mode

Chapter 3: Representation of data

• To represent data graphically using different techniques

Chapter 4: Spatial Information Technology

• To understand the need to capture data from different sources and integrate them using a computer that is supported by geo-processing tools.
• To learn basic principles of the Spatial Information Technology and its extension to the Spatial Information System, which is more commonly known as Geographical Information System.

Map Items for identification only on outline political map of the World
Fundamentals of Human Geography

Chapter 1: Human Geography
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 2: The World Population Density Distribution and Growth
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 3: Human Development
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 4: Primary Activities
Map Items-

• Areas of subsistence gathering (Fig 4.2)
• Major areas of nomadic herding of the world (4.4)
• Major areas of commercial livestock rearing (4.6)
• Major areas of extensive commercial grain faming (4.12)
• Major areas of mixed farming of the World (4.14)

Chapter 5: Secondary Activities
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 6: Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 7: Transport, Communication and Trade
Map Items-

• Terminal Stations of Transcontinental Railways- Trans-Siberian, Trans Canadian, Trans-Australian Railways.

Major Sea Ports

• Europe: North Cape, London, Hamburg
• North America: Vancouver, San Francisco, New Orleans
• South America: Rio De Janeiro, Colon, Valparaiso
• Africa: Suez and Cape Town
• Asia: Yokohama, Shanghai, Hong Kong, Aden, Karachi, Kolkata
• Australia: Perth, Sydney, Melbourne

Major Airports:

• Asia: Tokyo, Beijing, Mumbai, Jeddah, Aden
• Africa: Johannesburg & Nairobi
• Europe: Moscow, London, Paris, Berlin and Rome
• North America: Chicago, New Orleans, Mexico City
• South America: Buenos Aires, Santiago
• Australia: Darwin and Wellington

Inland Waterways: Suez Canal, Panama Canal, Rhine Waterways and St. Lawrence Seaways

Chapter 8: International Trade
Map Items- Nil

Map Items for locating and labelling on political outline map of India
India – People and Economy

Chapter 1: Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
Map Items- State with highest population density & state with lowest population density (2011)

Chapter 2: Human Settlement
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 3: Land Resources and Agriculture
Map Items- Leading producing states of the following crops: (a) Rice (b) Wheat (c) Cotton (d) Jute (e) Sugarcane (f) Tea and (g) Coffee

Chapter 4: Water Resources
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 5: Mineral And Energy Resources
Map Items- Mines:

• Iron-ore mines: Mayurbhanj, Bailadila, Ratnagiri, Bellary
• Manganese mines: Balaghat, Shimoga
• Copper mines: Hazaribagh, Singhbhum, Khetari
• Bauxite mines: Katni, Bilaspur and Koraput
• Coal mines: Jharia, Bokaro, Raniganj, Neyveli
• Oil Refineries: Mathura, Jamnager, Barauni

Chapter 6: Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
Map Items- Nil

Chapter ​​​​​​​7: Transport and Communication
Map Items- Nil

Chapter 8: International Trade
Map Items- Mark and label the major sea ports and airports on an outline map of India.

• Major Sea Ports: Kandla, Mumbai, Marmagao, Kochi, Mangalore, Tuticorin, Chennai, Vishakhapatnam, Paradwip, Haldia
• International Air ports: Ahmedabad, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, Guwahati, Delhi, Amritsar, Thiruvananthapuram & Hyderabad.

Chapter 9: Geographical Perspective on selected issues and problems
Map Items- Nil

Guidelines for Internal Assessment/Geography Practical

• A practical file must be prepared by students covering all the topics prescribed in the practical syllabus.
• The file should be completely handwritten with a cover page, index page and acknowledgment.
• All statistical diagrams and maps should be drawn neatly with appropriate headings, scale, index etc. Data to draw statistical diagrams can be taken from the NCERT text book or Census.
• The practical file will be assessed both by the internal and external examiners at the time of CBSE practical examinations.
• A written exam of 25 marks will be conducted based on the above given practical syllabus on the day of the practical exam.
• Viva will be conducted based on practical syllabus only.
• Written Exam – 25 Marks
• Practical file – 05 Marks
• Viva – 03 Marks

CBSE Syllabus 2024-25

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How to Download CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus in PDF Format

Here are the steps to download the CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus PDF from the myCBSEguide website in 4 points:

1. Visit the myCBSEguide Website: Open your browser and go to https://www.mycbseguide.com.
2. Search for the Geography Syllabus: In the search bar on the homepage, type “Class 12 Geography syllabus” and press Enter.
3. Select the Geography Syllabus Link: From the search results, click on the link that directs you to the detailed Class 12 Geography syllabus page.
4. Download the PDF: On the syllabus page, look for the Download button or link and click to save the Class 12 Geography syllabus PDF to your device.

This process will help you quickly download the syllabus from myCBSEguide.

Frequently Asked Question:

When will the CBSE 2025 syllabus be released?

The CBSE 2025 syllabus has already been released by the board. Students can now access the updated syllabus for all subjects, including the CBSE Class 12 Geography Syllabus 2024-25. This syllabus is available in PDF format, offering a convenient way for students to download and review the topics they need to focus on in preparation for their exams. The CBSE Class 12 Geography syllabus covers a wide range of subjects, including nutrition, human development, and food science.

For those aiming to excel in their studies, it’s essential to stay informed and use reliable study resources. The myCBSEguide website provides the latest syllabus for all CBSE subjects, helping students stay aligned with the curriculum. The myCBSEguide App platform also offers a range of educational materials such as sample papers, chapter-wise test papers, NCERT solutions, and revision notes, all designed to streamline exam preparation.

Additionally, educators can take advantage of the Examin8 App and Examin8 Website to create customized mock tests and practice papers tailored to their students’ needs.