During the year following 1815 when the fear of repression drove many liberal-nationalists underground the following events happened:

1. Secret societies sprang up in many European states to train revolutionaries and spread their ideas.
2. To be revolutionary at this time meant a commitment to oppose monarchical forms that had been established after the Vienna Congress, and to fight for liberty and freedom.
3. Most of these revolutionaries also saw the creation of nation-states as a necessary part of this struggle for freedom.
4. One such individual was the Italian revolutionary Giuseppe Mazzini. He was an Italian revolutionary founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne, whose members were like-minded young men from Poland, France, Italy, and the German states. 
5. Giuseppe Mazzini believed that nations are natural units of mankind. In his view, the creation of nation-states is a necessary part of the struggle for freedom. So, Italy could not continue to be a patchwork of small states and kingdoms. It had to be forged into a single unified republic within a wider alliance of nations. This unification alone could be the basis of Italian liberty Following his model, secret societies were set-up in Germany France, Switzerland and Poland.
6. He was opposed to monarchy and believed in the vision of democratic republics. He did not believe in small states and kingdoms. 
7. Giuseppe Mazzini's relentless opposition to monarchy and his vision of democratic republics frightened the conservatives, Metternich described him as 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order'.

The Zollverein abolished tariff barriers, reduced number of currencies, create network of railways for fast and heavy mobility. So a single solution for all these economic problems was known by the name of Zollverein.

Sri Lanka has a multi-culture population. Sri Lanka has two major social groups, Sinhalese and Sri Lankan Tamils. People who speak Sinhala are known as the Sinhalese. People who speak Tamil are the Sri Lankan Tamils. The Sinhalese comprise 74 per cent of the total population in Sri Lanka while Tamils make up 18 per cent of the total population in Sri Lanka.

Composition of SriLanka

• The bulk of the population of the Sinhalese group of around 74 per cent
• Tamils around 18 per cent, who are mainly concentrated in the north and east of the island, making the largest ethnic minority.
• Muslims are representative of other communities.
• Two sub-groups exist among Tamils. Among Tamils, two sub-groups exist.
• The Tamil natives of the country are called Sri Lankan Tamils of around 13 per cent.
• The Indian Origin Tamils are the Tamils who were brought from India by British colonists to serve on estate plantations as indentured workers of around 5 per cent.
• Buddhists are predominantly Sinhala-speaking people, while the majority of Tamils are Hindus or Muslims.
• Around 7% of Christians are both Tamil & Sinhalese.

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Print popularized the ideas of the enlightenment thinkers in the following ways:

1. Collectively the writings of thinkers provided a critical commentary on tradition, superstition, and despotism.
2. Scholars and thinkers argued for the rule of reason rather than custom and demanded that everything should be judged through the application of reason and rationality.
3. They attacked the sacred authority of the church and the despotic power of the state thus eroding the legitimacy of a social order based on tradition.
4. Print created a new culture of dialogue and debate. All values, norms, and institutions were re-evaluated and discussed by a public that had become aware of the power of reason and recognised the need to question existing ideas and beliefs.
5. The writings of Voltaire and Rousseau were read widely and those who read these books saw the world through new eyes, eyes that were questioning critical and rational.