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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 1 month ago
प्रस्तावना
हाल के कुछ दशकों में मानवीय गतिविधियों के कारण पर्यावरण पर बहुत बुरा असर पड़ा है। ओजोन परत का क्षरण इसका सबसे बड़ा उदाहरण है। साथ ही वैश्विक उष्मीयता (ग्लोबल वार्मिंग) दुनिया के लिए खतरे की घंटी है। मानवों द्वारा वनों की कटाई ही पर्यावरण असंतुलन का सबसे बड़ा कारण है।
पर्यावरण को कई अवांछनीय कारक जोकि मानव स्वास्थ्य, प्राकृतिक संसाधनों और प्रदूषण के कारकों जैसे प्रदूषण, हरितगृह प्रभाव (ग्रीनहाउस) आदि के कारण प्रभावित होते हैं।
पर्यावरण सुरक्षा का उद्देश्य, कारण एवं प्रभाव
पर्यावरण की सुरक्षा और मानव अस्तित्व के लिए उसकी प्रासंगिकता को देखते हुए 3-14 जून 1992, के मध्य ब्राजील के शहर ‘रियो डी जेनेरियो’ में प्रथम पृथ्वी सम्मेलन का आयोजन हुआ, जिसमें विश्व के 174 देशों नें हिस्सा लिया। पर्यावरण का संरक्षण समस्त मानव जाति के साथ-साथ इस धरती के सभी जीव-जंतुओं के जीवन के लिए अति आवश्यक है।
यह सिलसिला आगे भी प्रवाहमान रहा और दस साल बाद सन् 2002 में जोहान्सबर्ग में पृथ्वी सम्मेलन का पुनः आयोजन किया गया और विश्व के सभी देशों से पर्यावरण संरक्षण के लिए बनाये गये नियमों का पालन करने का आग्रह किया गया। यदि पर्यावरण संरक्षित रहेगा, तभी यह पृथ्वी सुरक्षित रहेगी, और पृथ्वी सही सलामत रहेगी, तभी हम जीवित रह पायेंगे। सभी एक-दूसरे से जुड़े है। पर्यावरण का संरक्षण हमें किसी और के लिए नहीं, बल्कि अपने लिए करना है।
जलवायु परिवर्तन
97% जलवायु वैज्ञानिक इस बात को मानते है कि जलवायु परिवर्तन हो रहा है और ग्रीनहाउस गैसों का उत्सर्जन इसका मुख्य कारण है। शायद अधिक चरम मौसम की घटनाओं जैसे कि सूखा, जंगल की आग, गर्मी की लहरें और बाढ़ जैसी घटनाओं कार्बन के अधिक उत्सर्जन के कारण ही होता है।
अब दुनिया को सावधान हो जाना चाहिए और कार्बन उत्सर्जन को कम कर देना चाहिए, अन्यथा इसके भीषण परिणाम भोगने पड़ सकते हैं। इस वक़्त विश्व का लगभग 21 प्रतिशत कार्बन अकेले अमेरिका उत्सर्जित करता है।
अगर प्रत्येक व्यक्ति मिल कर अपना योगदान दें तो कार्बन का उत्सर्जन कम किया जा सकता है। हम अपने घर से ही शुरुआत कर सकते हैं। कम से कम गाड़ियों का इस्तमाल करें, और कोशिश करें कि विद्युत चलित वाहनों का इस्तमाल करें।
वनोन्मूलन
वनों की कटाई से कार्बन की मात्रा पर्यावरण में बहुत ज्यादा हो गयी है। पेड़ कार्बन डाई ऑक्साइड का अवशोषण कर लेते हैं और हमें प्राणवायु ऑक्सीजन देते हैं, किंतु उनकी कटाई से पूरा चक्र ही बाधित हो गया है। यह अनुमान है कि कुल ग्रीनहाउस गैस उत्सर्जन का 15 प्रतिशत वनों की कटाई से होता है।
उपसंहार
वन्यजीवों के आवासों पर मानव अतिक्रमण बढ़ने से जैव विविधता का तेजी से नुकसान हो रहा है जिससे खाद्य सुरक्षा, जनसंख्या स्वास्थ्य और विश्व स्थिरता को खतरा है। जैव विविधता के नुकसान में जलवायु परिवर्तन का भी बड़ा योगदान है, क्योंकि कुछ प्रजातियां बदलते तापमान के अनुकूल नहीं बन पाती हैं। वर्ल्ड वाइल्डलाइफ फंड के लिविंग प्लेनेट इंडेक्स के अनुसार, पिछले 35 वर्षों में जैव विविधता में 27 प्रतिशत की गिरावट आई है।
उपभोक्ताओं के रूप में हम सभी पर्यावरण को नुकसान न पहुंचाने वाले उत्पादों को खरीदकर जैव विविधता की रक्षा में मदद कर सकते हैं। साथ ही पॉलिथीन के स्थान पर घर का बना कपड़े का थैला प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। यह प्रयास भी पर्यावरण संरक्षण में हाथ बंटाएगा।
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 1 month ago
567,Ring road
Dehradun
16 April 2020
The editor
The Hindustan Times
K.G Marg, Dehradun
Respected sir,
I kindly request you to pay a little attention towards our request. As lighting is important part of road facility, this facility is not properly provided in our town. Here we are suffering a lot with this problem. It's difficult to handle or take vehicles from our town roads. In rainy or foggy nights, our eyesight is used enough to visualise front objects. Many a times we stamp in garbage. It's too ugly to co-operate with such a situation.
So i kindly request you to publish article on this topic so that awareness can be spread and this news can reach till minister to cure up our town's situation.
I will be greatfull to you for our help.
Yours truly,
ABC
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 1 month ago
Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of long chain fatty acids. The action of a soap is based on the presence of both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups in a soap molecule. This action emulsifies the oily dirt and helps in its removal.
The two ends of a soap molecule have different properties. When soap is added to water, the ionic, hydrophilic end of soap molecule dissolves in water. The hydrocarbon chain of soap molecule is hydrophobic and it dissolves in hydrocarbons i.e. links with oily dirt. The hydrocarbon chain of soap molecule orients towards the oil droplet while the ionic end orients towards water (polar solvent). This is how, soap molecules form structures called micelles where the oily dirt is collected in the centre. Thus, soap micelles help in dissolving dirt in water. Micelles stay in solution as colloids and the dirt suspended in the micelles is easily rinsed away.
Micelle formation will not take place in a solvent like ethanol because ethanol will dissolve the hydrocarbon chain of a soap molecule also.
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 1 month ago
Gandhiji’s three monkeys is a sculpture of three monkeys sitting together, one covering his eyes, one covering his ears and the other covering his mouth. It is a representation of the proverb ‘see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil.’ In India, the sculpture was a symbol of ignoring the harsh and oppressive rule of the British.
According to some stories, Gandhiji kept a sculpture of the three monkeys with him, and this was one notable exception to his otherwise simple, no-possessions lifestyle. Soon, the sculpture became popular across India.
The Charkha
Search for a picture of Mahatma Gandhi on the Internet and you’re bound to stumble on to a photograph of him spinning khadi on his trusted charkha. To Gandhiji, the charkha embodied several things: Swadeshi, self sufficiency and even inter-dependency! Soon, the charkha was used all across the country as a major symbol of the National Movement.
The Azad Hind Flag
The Azad Hind or ‘Free India’ movement originated outside of India in the 1940s. Its chief architect was Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose. He sought to ally with the Axis powers of WW II and free India with the use of arms and ammunition.
This flag was used as the official emblem of the Azad Hind Fauj, more commonly known as the Indian National Army.
Recall the history of independence and the faces of eminent leaders will come to mind – Mahatma Gandhi, Jawaharlal Nehru and Bhagat Singh, to name a few. But do you know that several symbols played an important role in the movement too?
The Vande Mataram Flag
Some of you may remember reading about the ‘Swadeshi Movement’ in your history textbooks. It took place in 1905, after Bengal was partitioned by Lord Curzon, and continued until 1911. The movement was chiefly organised by the trio of Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal and Lala Lajpat Rai. The Calcutta Flag, designed during the course of this movement,sought to unite people from different religions, castes, etc.
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As spores are composed of thick walls, hence can easily sustain harsh conditions and prevent dehydration of cells. Reproduction via spore formation is quick, and many organisms germinate at once, hence this leads to a substantial increase and survival of species population.
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a walk on a nature trail, especially with an experienced guide. nature trail.
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Preeti Dabral 3 years, 1 month ago
The Java Runtime Environment (JRE) is software that Java programs require to run correctly. Java is a computer language that powers many current web and mobile applications. The JRE is the underlying technology that communicates between the Java program and the operating system.
A central processing unit, also called a central processor, main processor or just processor, is the electronic circuitry that executes instructions comprising a computer program. The CPU performs basic arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output operations specified by the instructions in the program.
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