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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The splitting up of white light into its constituent colours on passing through a refracting medium like a glass prism is called dispersion of light.
The dispersion of white light occurs because different colours of light bend through different angles with respect to the incident ray, as they pass through a prism. The red light bends the least while the violet the most as shown below
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Posted by Nitin Tiwari 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
Electric motor: A motor is a device which converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Principle of motor : A motor works on the principle that when a rectangular coil is placed in a magnetic field and current is passed through it. A force acts on the coil which rotates it continuously.
- When electric current is passed into the rectangular coil, this current produces a magnetic field around the coil.
- The magnetic field of horse shoe-type magnet then interacts with the magnetic field of the coil and causes the coil to rotate continuously.
- If ABCD is in horizontal position current from battery enters the coil through brush B _{ 1 }, and commutator half ring C:. The current flows in the direction ABCD
and leaves via ring and brush B _{ 2 } - The direction of current is from A to B, the direction of current is from C to D. The force on side AB of the coil is in the downward direction. Whereas the force on the side CD of the coil is in the upward direction. ABCD rotate in anti-clockwise direction.
- While rotating when the coil reaches vertical position then the brushes B _{ 1 } and B _{ 2 } will touch the gap between the commutator rings and current to the coil is cut off. But the coil does not stop rotating because it has already gained momentum.
- The coil CD comes on the left side and AB comes to the right side. Again they come in contact with brush B _{ 1 } Current direction is reversed.
- The reversing of current in the coil is repeated after every half rotation due to which the coil continue to rotate as long as current from the batter is passed through it. The rotating shaft of electric motor can drive a large number of machines which are connected to it.
Posted by Anant Gupta 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
Following outcomes can be expected out of democracy:
- Accountability to the citizens
- To efficiently run the administration and finances of the country
- Transparency in working of the government
- Free and fair elections
- To work for the development of majority and minority communities
Posted by Nitin Tiwari 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
As we pass from one trophic level to the next, only 10% of energy is transferred from the first trophic level to the next. This is because a lot of energy is lost to the surroundings and rest is utilised by the organism.
We can understand this better using an example.
When green plants are eaten by primary consumers, lot of energy is lost as heat to the environment. Some energy is used by the consumer into doing work and digestion whereas rest is used for growth and reproduction. About 10% of the eaten food is turned into its body and made available to the next level of consumers. So the actual energy passing to the next trophic level is only 10%.
Grass -> Grasshopper -> Frog -> snake -> hawk
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Posted by Nitin Tiwari 5 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
The excessive waste material disposal due to modern industrialisation is becoming the major reason behind the current pollutions which is ruining our environment.
We have to control this excessive amount of waste material disposal ,in order to save our environment.
Some of the prevention measures are:
1)Using recyclable objects to generate the minimum possible waste materials.
Recyclable materials are also eco-friendly , that's why it also reduces the pollution.
2)We can use biodegradable waste materials for the biogas production which can be used as our domestic fuel.This will also save our money which we generally spend for purchasing household fuel substances such as LPG, Kerosine etc.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Carbon compounds have high calorific values. Therefore, carbon and its compounds are used as fuels for most applications.
They give a lot of heat and light when burnt in air. Saturated hydrocarbons like methane burn with a clean flame without any smoke and is thus environmental friendly.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Soaps are molecules in which the two ends have differing properties, one is hydrophilic, that is it dissolves in water, while the other end is hydrophobic, that is it dissolves in hydrocarbons. When soap is at the surface of water the hydrophobic ‘tail’ of soap will not be soluble in water and the soap will align along the surface of water with the ionic end in water and the hydrocarbon ‘tail’ protruding out of water. Inside water, these molecules have a unique orientation that keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water. This is achieved by forming clusters of molecules in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and the ionic ends are on the surface of the cluster. This formation is called a micelle. Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, since the oily dirt will be collected in the centre of the micelle. The micelles are large enough to scatter light. Hence a soap solution appears cloudy.
Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Inside water, these molecules have a unique orientation that keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water. This is achieved by forming clusters of molecules in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and the ionic ends are on the surface of the cluster. This formation is called a micelle. Soap in the form of a micelle is able to clean, since the oily dirt will be collected in the centre of the micelle. The micelles are large enough to scatter light. Hence a soap solution appears cloudy.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Ammonium chloride - NH4Cl; It is obtained from ammonia and hydrochloric acid. The aqueous solution of ammonium chloride salt turns blue litmus red. Hence, it is acidic in nature.
Posted by Nitin Tiwari 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
Sodium hydroxide is produced by the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of sodium chloride (called brine).
The process is called the chlor-alkali process because of the products formed, i.e. ‘chlor’ for chlorine and ‘alkali’ for sodium hydroxide.
2NaCl(aq) + 2H2O(aq) → 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g) + Cl2(g)
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Radhu Duggal 5 years, 8 months ago
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