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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
- Modern periodic law states that the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers.
- The horizontal rows in the Modern Periodic Table are called periods.
- The vertical columns in the Modern Periodic Table are called groups.
Posted by Amit Kumar 5 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 8 months ago
i. Ingestion – The process of taking food into the body is called ingestion.
ii. Digestion – Dissolving of solid food is called digestion. During digestion, the food containing large insoluble substances is broken down into small, water soluble substances. Digestion involves both physical and chemical methods for digesting the large substances present in food.
The human digestive system consists of the alimentary canal and its associated glands. Food is taken into the body through the mouth.
Digestion in human beings starts in the mouth. The mouth contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands. The teeth cut the food into small pieces, chew and grind it. The tongue mixes the food with saliva. The salivary glands secrete a watery liquid called saliva.
The slightly digested food goes into the food pipe or oesophagus by peristalsis. No digestion of food takes place in the oesophagus.
The slightly digested food reaches the stomach through oesophagus for further digestion where it is broken down into smaller pieces. The inner lining of the stomach secretes gastric juice which includes mucus, hydrochloric acid and digestive juices. Mucus protects the lining of the stomach from hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid makes the medium in the stomach acidic to facilitate the digestion of proteins. The digestive juices break down the protein into simpler substances. Then the partially digested food goes into the small intestine.
The small intestine is a very long and narrow tube where complete digestion of food takes place. It receives secretions of liver, pancreas and its own walls. Liver secretes liquid called bile which helps in the digestion of fats and converts them into small droplets. Pancreas secretes pancreatic juice which breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol. Pancreatic juice also breaks down carbohydrates and proteins into simpler forms. The intestinal juice secreted by the walls of small intestine breaks down the carbohydrates into glucose, proteins into amino acids. Thus, the food gets completely digested in small intestine.
iii. Absorption: The digested food material passes into the blood vessels in the walls of small intestine. This process is called absorption. The inner walls of small intestine have millions of tiny, finger-like outgrowths called villi which increase the surface area for rapid absorption of digested food. Each villus has a network of blood vessels which absorbs the digested food materials into the blood flowing through them.
iv. Assimilation: The blood carries the absorbed food materials to the cells in all the parts of the body where it is used for growth, energy and repair. This is called assimilation. Glucose breaks down utilizing oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water, and releases energy.
The undigested and unabsorbed food passes from the small intestine into large intestine. Most of the water is absorbed from the undigested food materials in the large intestine.
v. Egestion: The undigested food is temporarily stored in the last part of the large intestine called rectum and finally the semi-solid waste is passed out from the body through **** in the form of faeces. This is called egestion.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 8 months ago
Major forms of power sharing in modern democracy are:
- Power sharing among different Organs of the Government: In democracy, power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Juduciary.This is known as distribution of power. No organ of the governemnt can e P xcercise unlimited power as each ower sharing among different Organs of the Government organ checks the others.
- Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self government.This is called vertical division of government.
- Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In India, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
- Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power. When no party gets a majority, two or more parties come together to form a governemnt. In a democracy, pressure and interest groups also have an indirect share in the governemnt's power.
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Priyanshi Kushwaha 5 years, 8 months ago
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