o demonstrate that chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.
Requirements : A potted plant with variegated leaves - for example, Croton or money plant (variegated leaves are partly green and partly white), rice paper, pencil, white paper sheath, beaker, test tube, 70% alcohol, KL solution, water bath.

Method : Keep the potted plant with variegated leaves in dark for three days so that the leaves become free from starch. Then place the plant in bright sun light for about 6 hours. Take a variegated leaf of the potted plant kept in bright sunlight. Trace the outline of leaves and its variegated parts on the tracing paper (the variegated leaves show pale yellow spots in green leaves. These areas indicate the absence of chlorophyll). Dip the leaf in boiling water for a few minute. Now boil the leaf in 70% alcohol till it decolorizes. Now dip the leaf in boiled water to make the leaf soft. Take out the leaf and stain with iodine (KL) solution. Observe the change in colour.

Observation : The blue colour appears only in those parts of leaf which were green in colour. The blue colour will not appear in variegated parts. This shows that starch formation takes place only in green (chlorophyll containing) parts of the leaf. Thus, the chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis.

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A reaction in which one reactant undergoes oxidation whereas the other gets reduced during the course of reaction are termed as oxidation-reduction reactions or redox reactions. Oxidation refers to the loss of electrons or increase in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion. Reduction refers to the gain of electrons or decrease in oxidation state by a molecule, atom, or ion.

Consider the following redox reaction.

• Burning sugars, such as glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) and the fatty acids in the fats we eat.

The mode of nutrition in Amoeba is holozoic and various steps involved in the process of nutrition are:

• Ingestion: Amoeba ingests food with the help of its finger-like extensions, called pseudopodia, when a food particle approaches Amoeba it forms pseudopodia around it and forms a food vacuole inside the Amoeba
• Digestion: Various enzymes from the cytoplasm enter into the food vacuole and break them down into simple soluble molecules
• Absorption: The simple soluble food is absorbed by cytoplasm of Amoeba from food vacuoles through the process of diffusion
• Assimilation: Amoeba cell obtains energy from the absorbed food through respiration and this energy is utilized by Amoeba for its growth and repair of the body
• Egestion: When a considerable amount of undigested food gets collected inside Amoeba, its cell membrane ruptures and throws out the undigested food

National development is the ability of a county or countries to improve the social welfare of the people e.g by providing social amenities like quality education, potable water, transportation infrastructure, medical care, etc

The all-round development of a nation in every fields like Agriculture, industries, education, health within the country is called national development.

Napoleon, after coming to power, introduced the following reforms that were considered efficient and rational.

1. The Civil code of 1804, also known as the Napoleonic code, established all privileges based on birth, created equality before law and also secured the right to property. This code spread to all countries including Switzerland, Italy and Germany

2. Napoleon simplified administrative divisions and abolished feudal system.

3. He freed the peasants from serfdom and manorial dues.

4. Guild restrictions were removed from the towns.

5. Transport and communication networks improved. Peasants, artisans, workers and businessmen enjoyed the freedom that were gained due to the Napoleon Uniform laws; standardised measures and weights; common national currency system that facilitated the movement and exchange of goods from one region to another.

The purpose of using desiccators is to absorb moisture. Anhydrous Calcium chloride (CaCl₂) has a capacity of absorbing moisture as it is hygroscopic in nature, so it is used as a desiccators.

Those words "There is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed" were written by "Gandhi jii". Yeah i agree with the given statement because we know any person who is poor always dreams to have more food, money and even luxury etc; now the rich one always thinks of more and more money this rich one is not at all satisfied with his money.

The four reasons are :

1. Well the above situation of rich and poor is a good reason, that both need money, the rich person has more money from before yet he needs plenty money, the poor although has only some rupee in his torn pocket he can't even get a note of hundred because the rich one always have high position.

2. "We are living on the earth, we need ti be part of it but yet now a days we are trying to make earth a part of us", by this we can say that the people are not satisfied with what they have instead they want more.

3. There are some people who kill animals for the home's accessories. Here these people are not satisfied with what they have instead they are killing other animals for their own luxury and name sake.  

4. The man is destroying the whole nature and he is trying to be the one who can rule the whole world and all other organisms, Here the man is not at all satisfied with that he has instead he wants more.

By this i conclude that yeah man is too selfish that he wants more and more even though he has something with him. There these words given i.e. "there is enough for everybody's need and not for anybody's greed"

In the Inland emigration act of 1859 plantation workers weren't permitted to leave the tea gardens without official permission. infact people were rarely get such permissions.  According to the Inland emigration act of 1859 the plantation workers were not allowed to leave the plantation field without the permission of plantation owner,they were rarely getting such permissions, and if they tried to escape from their they were caught and brutally beaten.

Life processes are the vital processes carried out by living organisms in order to maintain and sustain life. Molecular movements are essential to carry out the various life processes. Thus the processes which together perform the maintenance job are called life processes. Energy required to carry out the different life processes, is obtained through the process of nutrition. A series of chemical reactions in the body are necessary to obtain energy. Oxidising-reducing reactions are some of the most common chemical means to break-down molecules. The process of acquiring oxygen from outside the body, and to use it in the process of break-down of food sources for cellular needs, is called respiration. In the case of a single-celled organism, no specific organs for taking in food, exchange of gases or removal of wastes may be needed because the entire surface of the organism is in contact with the environment. In multi-cellular organisms, various body parts have specialised in the functions they perform.
The basic functions performed by living organisms to maintain their life on this earth are called life processes. The basic life processes common to all living organisms are – Nutrition and Respiration; Transport and Excretion; Control and Coordination; Growth; Movement and Reproduction.
 

Breaking down of glucose involves two processes. In the first step, it is broken into three carbon molecules called pyruvate. The pyruvate is further broken down into energy in following different ways in various organisms.
1) Aerobic respiration : In this case pyruvate is broken down into water and carbon dioxide along with release of energy. It commonly occurs in mitochondria of cells.
2) Anaerobic respiration in yeast : In yeast cells during fermentation pyruvate is converted into ethanol and C02 in the absence of 02.
3) Anaeorbic respiration in muscles: Due to lack of oxygen, eg. during vigorous running or exercise, in human muscles, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid.