The Civil Disobedience Movement was different from the Non-Cooperation Movement. The main differences between these two movements are
(i) The Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1921 by Gandhiji, but the Civil Disobedience Movement was launched in 1930.
(ii) The Non-Cooperation Movement started with middle class participation whereas the Civil Disobedience Movement was first supported by the Industrialists like GD Birla, Purshottamdas Thakur.
(iii) Due to Khalifa issues Muslim community participated in Non-Cooperation on large scale. But the growing proximity of the Congress party and Hindu Mahasabha prevented the Muslims to participate in Civil Disobedience Movement.
(iv) The Non-Cooperation Movement was withdrawn by Gandhiji due to violent incident at Chauri Chaura.
But the Civil Disobedience Movement was withdrawn in 1931, when Gandhi signed ‘Gandhi-Irwin’ pact.
(v) In Non-Cooperation Movement, Women did not participate in large scale. But large scale participation of women is one of the most significant features of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Let A(4,-1) and B(-2,-3) be the given points.

Let P(x,y) and Q(a,b) be the points of trisection of AB so that AP = PQ = QB

Hence P divides AB internally in the ratio 1 : 2 and Q divides AB internally in the ratio 2 : 1

By the section formula, the required points are

AP = 1

PQ = 1

QB = 1

Section formula internally = (lx₂ + mx₁)/(l + m) , (ly₂ + my₁)/(l + m)

P divides the line segment in the ratio 1:2

l = 1      m = 2    

A(4,-1) and B(-2,-3)

    =  [(1(-2) + 2(4)]/(1+2) , [(1(-3) + 2(-1)]/(1+2)

    =  (-2+8)/3 , (-3-2)/3

   =  6/3 , -5/3

  =  P (2 , -5/3)

Q divides the line segment in the ratio 2:1

l = 2   m = 1    

    =  [(2(-2) + 1(4)]/(2+1) , [(2(-3) + 1(-1)]/(2+1)

    =  (-4+4)/3 , (-6-1)/3

   =  0/3 , -7/3

  =  Q (0 , -7/3)

Effect on Flora: Acid rain is particularly harmful to trees and other plants. Acid rain adds aluminum to the soil and destroys important nutrients. As a result, trees and plants are less able to absorb the ground water they need for growth. Additionally, acid rain generally damages plant health, making them less resistant to insect damage and disease. Acidic water similarly affects aquatic plant life, destroying important food sources.

Effects on Microorganisms: In addition to the direct effects on fish, acid water also destroys ecosystems by killing organisms lower on the food chain. For example, the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection found that mayflies are particularly vulnerable to acidic water, because it lowers sodium in the blood. Consequently, species feeding on mayflies will leave an affected area or starve.

Effects on fishes: Harmful effects become noticeable when the pH of water falls below 5.0 or rise above 9.6. Ill effects due to acidification are more pronounced in saltwater fish due to their adaptation to a higher pH. When pH is below optimal levels, fish become susceptible to fungal infections and other physical damage ¹⁶. As the pH of water falls, the solubility of calcium carbonate is reduced, inhibiting shell growth in aquatic organisms ¹⁶. In general, fish reproduction is affected at pH levels below 5.0 and many species (such as saltwater fish or sensitive freshwater fish like smallmouth bass) will leave the area ²¹. Fish begin to die when pH falls below 4.0 ¹².

The blood platelets are required for the process of blood clotting. Whenever there is an injury, to prevent the loss of blood it is necessary to form a clot. The vitamin K, clotting factors, calcium ions and the platelets are necessary agents for the formation of a blood clot. If there are no platelets, there will be no clot formation. This might result in haemorrhage in which there is continuous blood loss.

Sri Lanka became independent in the year 1948. They got their independence because of their majority. A community named Sinhala, the leader of that community fought to secure their dominance under government. After this fight the community Sinhala established their supremacy by an election.

The idea of power sharing has emerged in opposition to the notions of undivided political power. For a long time, it was believed that all powers of a government must reside in one person or group of persons located at one place. It was felt that if the power to decide is dispersed, it would not be possible to take quick decisions and to enforce them. But these notions have changed with the emergence of democracy.

Power sharing is desirable in democracy because :

(1) Prudential reasons :

 (a) It helps to reduce the possibility of conflict between social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability.

(b) It is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.

(c) Imposing the will of majority, community over others may look like an attractive option in the short run, but in the long run it undermines the unity of the nation.

 (ii) Moral reasons :

 (a) Power sharing is the very spirit of democracy. A democratic rule involves sharing power with those affected by its exercise and who have to live with its effect.

(b) People have a right to be consulted on how they are to be governed.

(c) A legitimate government is one where citizens through participation, acquire a stake in the system.

Power sharing means the distribution of power among the organs of the government such as the legislature, executive, and judiciary. Power sharing helps in achieving the stability of political order. In power-sharing, power might even be shared at distinct levels such as union, state and local.

Major forms of power sharing in modern democracy are:

• Power sharing among different Organs of the Government: In democracy, power is shared among Legislature, Executive and Juduciary.This is known as distribution of power. No organ of the governemnt can e P xcercise unlimited power as each ower sharing among different Organs of the Government organ checks the others.
• Governments at different levels: In federal form of government, power is shared between the central and state governments. In India there is another lower level of government -local self government.This is called vertical division of government.
• Social Groups: Power may also be shared among different social groups such as religious and linguistic groups. In India, there are constitutional and legal arrangements whereby socially weaker sections and women are represented in the legislatures and administration.
• Division of power between political parties, pressure groups and movements: Political parties are the organisations which aim to control power by contesting elections. In a democracy, citizens have the freedom to choose among the various contenders for power. When no party gets a majority, two or more parties come together to form a governemnt. In a democracy, pressure and interest groups also have an indirect share in the governemnt's power.

SRI LANKA
There were two major groups SINHALAS AND TAMILS. The Sinhalas make up 74% of its total population, the TAMILS were 18% and the rest were the community of Christians. IN TAMILS there were to sub categories , Indian TAMILS whose forefathers came here as plantation workers and the Sri Lankan TAMILS.
BELGIUM
Its ethnic composition was very complex. They were The French, The Dutch and The Germans. The French had a majority in the capital (80%) and the minority in the country(40%). The Dutch had a majority in the country (59%) while a minority in the capital (20%) city of Brussels. The Germans were only 1% in the whole country.

For the following reasons power-sharing is good for democracy:

•     Power-sharing help to reduce the possibility of conflict between various social groups.
•     Power-sharing is one of the most significant tools in ensuring political stability of a country.
•     Power-sharing gives the right to be consulted to the people. All citizens tend to share equal political and legal rights.

Power-sharing in democracy describes a system of governance in which different segments of society are provided a share of power. Power-sharing is good for democracy. Power-sharing helps to reduce the possibility of conflicts between social groups. Power-sharing makes people dependent and responsible.

Given:  2x +3y = 9 _______(1),

           3x + 4y = 5 ______(2)

From (1)  2x = 9 – 3y

        {tex} x=\frac{9-3 y}{2}{/tex}  ______ (3)

Substitute (3) in (2)

{tex}3\left(\frac{9-3 y}{2}\right)+4 y=5\\\\\left(\frac{27-9 y}{2}\right)+4 y=5{/tex}

27 – 9y + 8y = 10  

27 – 10 = y  

y = 17 ______(4)  

Substitute (4) in (1)

2x +3(17) = 9  

2x = 9 – 51  

2x = -42  

x = -21 and y = 17