Absolutist : Literally , a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power exercised . in history , the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.

Utopian: a vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist.

The brain is made of three main parts: the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain consists of the cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus . The midbrain consists of the tectum and tegmentum. The hindbrain is made of the cerebellum, pons and medulla.
Cerebrum: The cerebrum is the largest part of the human brain, associated with higher brain function such as thought and action. The cerebral cortex is divided into four sections, called "lobes": the frontal lobe, parietal lobe, occipital lobe, and temporal lobe.

• Frontal Lobe- associated with reasoning, planning, parts of speech, movement, emotions, and problem solving
• Parietal Lobe- associated with movement, orientation, recognition, perception of stimuli
• Occipital Lobe- associated with visual processing
• Temporal Lobe- associated with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli, memory, and speech

Thalamus-It is a large mass of gray matter deeply situated in the forebrain at the topmost portion of the diencephalon. The structure has sensory and motor functions. Almost all sensory information enters this structure where neurons send that information to the overlying cortex.

Hypothalamus-It is a part of the diencephalon, ventral to the thalamus. The structure is involved in functions including homeostasis, emotion, thirst, hunger, circadian rhythms, and control of the autonomic nervous system. It also controls the pituitary.

Midbrain- It is involved in functions such as vision, hearing, eyemovement, and body movement.
Cerebellum - The cerebellum has two hemispheres and has a highly folded surface or cortex. This structure is associated with regulation and coordination of movement, posture, and balance.

Pons- It is involved in motor control and sensory analysis. It has parts that are important for the level of consciousness and for sleep.

Medulla Oblongata- This structure is present between the pons and spinal cord. It is responsible for maintaining vital body functions, such as breathing and heartrate.

Modern democracies cannot exist without political parties. The necessity of a political party in democracy can be understood from the given points

• If every elected representative is independent, then no one will make promise for any major policy changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain always uncertain. Non-party based Panchayat election also create same problems.
  The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies.
• As society became larger and complicated, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.
• Political parties inform the people about the working of the ruling party. They talk about the problems of the state, the working and failure of the government and give suggestion for the upliftment of masses. Political party acts as a link between government and masses.
  Thus, political parties are necessary for democracy.

Modern democracies cannot exist without political parties. The necessity of a political party in democracy can be understood from the given points

• If every elected representative is independent, then no one will make promise for any major policy changes. The government may be formed but its utility will remain always uncertain. Non-party based Panchayat election also create same problems.
  The rise of political parties is directly linked to the emergence of representative democracies.
• As society became larger and complicated, they also need some agency to gather different views on various issues and to present these to the government.
• Political parties inform the people about the working of the ruling party. They talk about the problems of the state, the working and failure of the government and give suggestion for the upliftment of masses. Political party acts as a link between government and masses.
  Thus, political parties are necessary for democracy.

International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) enlisted some species as endangered species. Endangered species can be defined as those species whose life is under risk or threat. In other words, species which are about to be extinct. Many factors are responsible for this which may be natural or man-made. Endangered species, sooner or later enters the extinction phase. In order to prevent this, necessary actions have to be taken.

Jurisdiction - The area over which someone has legal authority. The area may be defined in terms of geographical boundaries or in terms of certain kind of subjects.

“Sharing of power between states and the centre governments is the basic to the structure of the Constitution of India”, because without this division of power it will be impossible to coexist in a diverse country like India. The states are significant parts of the union and the jurisdiction of both the state and union overlap at many areas, hence it is important to demarcate the boundaries , which are effectively done by the Constitution in India.
The Constitution clearly provided a three–fold distribution of legislative powers between the Union Government and the State Governments.
(i) Union List includes subjects of national importance such as defence of the country, foreign affairs, banking, communication and currency. The Union Government alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the Union List.
(ii) State List contains subjects of State and local importance such as police, trade, commerce, agriculture and irrigation. The State Governments alone can make laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List. This allows the constitution to avoid any conflict of power and clear jurisdictions.

• The Judiciary plays an important role in overseeing the implementation of constitutional provisions and procedures.
• In case of any dispute about the division of powers, the High Courts and the Supreme Court make a decision.
• The Union and State governments have the power to raise resources by levying taxes in order to carry on the government and the responsibilities assigned to each of them.