JPEG is usually known as JPG. It stands for Joint Photographic Expert Group, a joint working group of International Standardization Organization (ISO) and International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). It is a standard method of compressing graphic images.

Nelson Mandela mentions 'extraordinary human' at the beginning of his speech referring to the inhuman practice of apartheid. At the end of his speech, the 'glorious human achievement' that he spoke of refers to the establishment of the first democratic and non-racial government in South Africa.

When dilute sulphuric acis is added to zinc granules, then zinc should become white, as it is becoming zinc sulfate, which is also known as "white vitriol."  
The reason proceeds with the liberation of hydrogen gas and a large amount of heat as below -
Zn (s) + H₂SO₄ (aq) → ZnSO₄(s) + H₂(g) (Exothermic reaction)

Steps Involved in Balancing a Chemical Equation:

Consider  the  chemical  reaction  between  magnesium  and  oxygen  to  understand  the  steps  involved  in balancing a chemical equation.

Step 1:

Let us first write the word equation for this reaction.

Magnesium + Oxygen → Magnesium oxide

Step 2:

Write the chemical equation for the reaction between magnesium and oxygen.

Mg + O2 → MgO

Step 3:

Count the number of atoms of an element occurring on both L.H.S. and R.H.S. in this equation.

Mg + O2 → MgO

This is an unbalanced equation.

Step 4:

To balance a chemical equation, first draw boxes around each formula. Do not change anything inside the boxes while balancing the equation. 

Choose  a  reactant  or  a  product which has  the  maximum  number  of  atoms  in  it. 

In that compound, select the element which has the maximum number of atoms. In this equation we shall select MgO i.e. magnesium oxide and the element oxygen in it.

To balance the oxygen atoms, let us multiply magnesium oxide molecule by 2 on the right hand side.

Step 5:

There  are  two  oxygen  atoms  on  either  side  of  the  equation  but  one  magnesium  atom  on  the  reactant's side and two on the product's side. Therefore, multiply the magnesium atom by 2 on the left hand side.

Therefore, the number of atoms of each element of reactants = The number of atoms of each element of products.

Step 6: Writing Specific Conditions on the Arrow

The reaction is carried out in the presence of ‘Heat’. On heating, magnesium combines with oxygen present in air to form magnesium oxide.

Step 7: Writing Symbols of Physical States

The various ways in which a chemical equation can be made more informative are : (i) By indicating the physical states of the reactants and products. Example: Solid state is indicated by the symbol (s).

(ii) By indicating the heat changes taking place in the reaction. For Example: An exothermic reaction is indicated by writing “+Heat” or “+Heat energy” or “+Energy” on the products side of an equation.

(iii) By indicating the “conditions” under which the reaction takes place.

Example: Delta stands for heat which is written on the arrow sign in the equation.

There are many differences in Indian farming and US farming methods.

1. India is basically an agriculture-based country with 80% of its population in rural areas, whereas in the US, only a small number of people are involved in farming.

2. The average farm holdings in the India are of small sizes (2-3 hectares), whereas in the US, the farm holdings are large (250 hectares).

3. Most of the Indian farmers are uneducated or receive basic education in the village schools, whereas in the US, the farmers are mostly well educated and keep themselves updated with the latest developments in the agriculture field.

4. Indian farming is labor intensive and traditional methods of farming like plowing is used, whereas, in the US, heavy and advanced machinery is used for farming which is capital intensive.

5. Indian farming is weather dependent and farmers grow only 2-3 crops per year. In the US, the farmers use scientific techniques like soil testing etc. and grow multiple crops throughout the year.

6. The US farmlands give bigger returns to the farmer when compared to the Indian farmlands.

check the 19-20 sample paper and question papers of CBSE.

You 'll get the idea of paper pattern and the type of questions asked.

Click on the click for sample paper:

<a href="https://mycbseguide.com/downloads/cbse-class-10-social-science/1896/cbse-sample-papers/2/">https://mycbseguide.com/downloads/cbse-class-10-social-science/1896/cbse-sample-papers/2/</a>

Empirical probability is an objective probability. It is also known as relative frequency or experimental probability.

By definition, Empirical Probability is the number of outcomes in which a specified event occurs to the total number of trials.

Empirical probability is different from Theoretical probability on certain major aspects. That is, in theoretical probability, the probability is measured on the basis of the likeliness of an outcome. Whereas in the case of Empirical probability, the probability is based on how the event actually occurred during trials. The formula for Empirical probability is unlike a theoretical probability formula.

P(E)= Number of times event occurs / Total number of times experiment performed

Metallic Minerals are minerals in which metal elements are present in their raw form. Non-metallic minerals do not contain any metal substances in them. When metallic minerals are melted a new product is formed. Metallic minerals are minerals which contain one or more metallic elements. Metallic minerals occur in rare, naturally formed concentrations known as mineral deposits. Metals such as nickel, copper and zinc are fundamentally important to modern society since they are used for an endless variety of purposes. Non-Metallic Minerals: As the name suggests, non-metallic minerals are the minerals that do not contain metals, e.g. limestone, mica, coal, gypsum, dolomite, phosphate, salt, manganese, granite etc. They are the minerals that do not contain metallic elements. They are generally hard and have a shiny surface.

Every consumer whether it is an animal, fish or bird has a fix life span after the completion of which they die. Dead remains of these organisms are decomposed by the decomposes i.e converted into simple inorganic substances. These inorganic substances serve as raw material for photosynthesis of the plants . Hence flesh in any form finally becomes grass. 

A carnivore derives its nutrition from a herbivore; while a herbivore derives it from grass or plants. So, a carnivore receives its entire food from the plants via herbivorous animal to build their body muscles and other tissues, hence we can say that all the flesh of not only carnivores but herbivores and omnivores is grass or other plants.

Improving the Centre-State relations is one more way in which federalism has been strengthened in practice. Though Indian Constitution has demarcated the powers of the Union and the state governments but still the Union government can have influence over the state in many ways.
In the past, the Central government has often misused the Constitution to dismiss the state governments that were controlled by rival parties. This undermined the spirit of federalism, and that of democracy.
The judiciary has played a major role in improving the autonomy of the state governments because many a time, it has rescued state governments which were dismissed in an arbitrary manner.

In Belgium, leaders recognised the existence of regional differences and cultural diversities. The Belgian government accommodated its diverse ethnic population in the following manner:

• Constitution says that the number of Dutch and French speaking ministers shall be equal in the Central government. Thus, no single community can make decisions unilaterally.
• Many powers of the Central Government have been given to the state governments, of the two regions of the country. The state governments are not subordinate to the Central government.
• Brussels has a separate government in which both the communities have equal representation.
• There is a third kind of government, called the ‘community government’. This government is elected by the people belonging to one language community—Dutch, French and German speaking, no matter where they live. This government has the power regarding cultural education and language related issues.
  These arrangements helped to avoid a civic strife between the two major communities and a possible division of the country on linguistic lines.

Food chains describe the feeding relationship between the organisms of an ecosystem. The flow of energy from one species to another at various biotic levels forms a food chain. The successive levels in the food chains of a community are called as trophic levels. Various trophic levels in a food chain include producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers and tertiary consumers. *Food chain helps in studying feeding relationships between organisms. *Food chain also helps us to know how much energy we gain by consuming which food. *Food chain helps us to know energy flow from one trophic level to another trophic level.

Various roles played by decomposers in the ecosystem are:

→ They decompose biodegradable substances into useful substances.
→ They release nutrients into soil by decomposing dead and decaying matter, thus making the soil fertile.
→ They maintain the nutrient pool by returning back the nutrients in the pool.

Tesla is the unit. it is defined as a particle carrying a charge of 1 coulomb and passing through a magnetic field of strength 1 Tesla at a speed of 1 m/s perpendicular to said field and experiencing a force with a magnitude 1 newton. The unit of magnetic field is tesla. It is the SI unit of magnetic field. Magnetic field is the measure of magnetic flux (Φ) per unit area. 1tesla=1wb/m2.

Tesla is the unit. it is defined as a particle carrying a charge of 1 coulomb and passing through a magnetic field of strength 1 Tesla at a speed of 1 m/s perpendicular to said field and experiencing a force with a magnitude 1 newton.

Magnetic lines of force have a number of important properties, which include: They seek the path of least resistance between opposite magnetic poles. In a single bar magnet as shown to the right, they attempt to form closed loops from pole to pole. They never cross one another.

The magnetic lines of force has the following properties:

1) Each line is a closed and continuous curve.

2) They originate from the north pole and terminate at the south pole.

3) They will never intersect each other.

4) They are crowded near the poles where the magnetic field is strong.

5) They affect the magnetic compass needle.

Properties of Magnetic lines of force are as follows:
(i) They flow from the south pole to the north pole within a material and north pole to south pole in air
(ii) They never cross each other
(iii) They all have the same strength
(iv) Their density decreases(mainly they spread out) when they move from an area of higher permeability to an area of lower permeability
(v) Their density decreases with increasing distance from the poles.
(vi) The expansion of lines of magnetic field accrue in lateral position and contraction in longitudinal position.