Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
(i) Gandhi started his famous salt march accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers.
(ii) The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhi ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day.
(iii) He ceremonially violated the British law when by manufacturing salt from sea water. This has also marked the beginning of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

NTSE Application Form 2020-21 - State-wise NTSE registration form 2020-21 will be released in the last week of July 2020. NTSE forms are released in online and offline mode. Students can fill NTSE applications form 2020-21 through respective schools. Class 10 students are eligible to apply for NTSE 2020. 

Click on the given link:

<a href="https://school.careers360.com/articles/ntse-application-form">https://school.careers360.com/articles/ntse-application-form</a>

Power shared between Central and State governments to local government is called the Decentralization of government. It is also called third tier of the government.

The State governments are required to share some powers and revenue with local government bodies. The nature of sharing however varies from state to state. Rural Local Government is popularly known as the Panchayati Raj. It consists of Zilla Parishad, Panchayat Samiti and Gram Panchayats.

There is a gram panchayat in each village or group of villages. It is a council of several ward members called panch and a president called Sarpanch. It works under the overall supervision of Gram Sabha.

A few gram panchayats are grouped together to form a Panchayat Samiti also known as a Block or Mandal. The members of this body are elected by all the members of the Panchayats in that area. All the Panchayat Samitis or Mandals in a district constitute a body of elected members to form the Zilla Parishad. The political head of Zilla Parishad is called the Chairperson.

Urban Local Government or Nagar Palika comprises the Municipalities or Municipal Committees in towns and Municipal Corporations in big cities. The political head of Municipal committees is the Municipal Chairperson and the chairperson of Municipal Corporation is called a Mayor.

• There are two or more levels (or tiers) of government.
• Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.
• The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution. So the existence and authority of each tier of government is constitutionally guaranteed.
• The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.
• Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government. The highest court acts as an umpire if disputes arise between different levels of government in the exercise of their respective powers.
• Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial autonomy.
• The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and promote unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.

In order to divide the legislative powers between the Union and the states, the Indian Constitution has three lists with specific subjects. The Union List has 97 subjects on which only the Centre can make laws. The State List has 66 topics on which the states have a jurisdiction. The Concurrent List has 47 subjects on which both the centre and the states can legislate.

The residuary powers are vested in the Union Legislature. Hence the Union Parliament has the exclusive power to legislate on any matter that does not feature in any of the three Lists.

The federalism is rehearsed in India by making three subgroups: 
- Linguistic States: 
A lot of old states are not in the being currently and a ton of new states are being produced, the name of the zones, states, and limits have been changed and the explanation for this was individuals who talked same languages lived in a similar place and furthermore shared same societies and religions. For instance Nagaland, Uttarakhand, and Jharkhand. 
- Language Policy: 
The second test for Indian league is the dialect approach. Our constitution did not give the status of national dialect to any one dialect. Hindi was viewed as the national dialect yet Hindi is additionally the first language of 40 for every penny Indians so there was a considerable measure of shields to secure different dialects, other than Hindi there were around 21 different dialects. 
- Center-State Relations: 
Reproducing the middle state is one route in which federalism has been strengthed by and by since 1990 COALITION GOVT were on the inside on the grounds that no single gathering got a reasonable greater part in the Lok Sabha, the real national gatherings needed to go into an organization together with many gatherings including a few local gatherings to shape a legislature at the Center.

• It is not easy to make changes to power sharing of power between the Union Government and the State Government.
• The Parliament cannot on its own change this arrangement.
• Any change to it has to be first passed by both the houses of Parliament, with at least two- thirds majority.
• Then it has to be ratified by the legislatures of at least half of the total states.

Vertically, power is shared between levels of government: national and subnational (state, parish, county, local, special district). ... Federalism is an institutional arrangement creating relatively autonomous levels of government, each able to act directly on behalf of the people with the authority granted to it. 

Federalism is a type of government in which the power divided between the national and states.
Holding together federation is a form of government.
In this form of government, a large country tries to divide its powers between the central government and its states.
Some of the constituent states hold unequal powers as they get special status.
Central Government can dismiss the opinions of the state government.
Some of the countries, including India, Belgium, and Spain, are part of holding together federation.

The Panchayati Raj System is a process through which people participate in their own government. The Panchayati Raj System is the first tier or level of democratic government.

It has three levels. First is the village level or the Gram Panchayat. Second is the Block level, which is called the Janpad Panchayat or the Panchayat Samiti. Above the Panchayat Samiti is the District Panchayat or the Zila Parishad.V

The basic idea behind decentralisation is that  certain problems of the people can be effectively solved by the local bodies as the latter has a better idea of the problems which are faced by people at the local level. Other than this, at the local level it is possible for the people to directly participate in decision making. This helps to inculcate a habit of democratic participation.

 It comprises those important subjects on which the state government can pass laws. Subjects like police, local governments, trade and commerce, agriculture within the state are included in the State List. The State List has 66 subjects

Coming together federation is the coming together of all the independent states themselves to form a larger nation, thereby to increase their security by pooling sovereignty and retaining identity.

• Coming federalism together is where different states come together to form a nation.  In this federation, all the constituent States, have an equal power and are strong with regard to the federal government
• Every State has independent authority, and the center does not intervene. This system is adopted by countries such as Switzerland, U.S.A.

a n s w e r
Parliament has power to make law
(1) Parliament has exclusive power to make any law with respect to any matter not enumerated in the Concurrent List or State List.

The poet advises Amanda not to bite her nails, not to hunch her shoulders and not to eat chocolate. She advises her to sit straight and take care of her acne. She further advises her to keep herself clean.

जर्मनी में ऐसे कई राजनैतिक गठबंधन थे जिनके सदस्य मध्यम वर्गीय पेशेवर, व्यापारी और धनी कलाकार हुआ करते थे। वे फ्रैंकफर्ट शहर में एकत्रित हुए और एक सकल जर्मन एसेंबली के लिए वोट करने का फैसला किया। 18 मई 1848 को 831 चुने हुए प्रतिनिधियों ने जश्न मनाते हुए एक जुलूस निकाला और फ्रैंकफर्ट पार्लियामेंट को चल पड़े जिसका आयोजन सेंट पॉल के चर्च में किया गया था। उन्होंने एक जर्मन राष्ट्र का संविधान तैयार किया। उस राष्ट्र की कमान कोई राजपरिवार का आदमी करता जो पार्लियामेंट को जवाबदेह होता। इन शर्तों पर प्रसिया के राजा फ्रेडरिक विलहेम (चतुर्थ) को वहाँ का शासन सौंपने की पेशकश की गई। लेकिन उसने इस अनुरोध को ठुकरा दिया और उस चुनी हुई संसद का विरोध करने के लिए अन्य राजाओं से हाथ मिला लिया।

अभिजात वर्ग और सेना द्वारा पार्लियामेंट का विरोध बढ़ता ही गया। इस बीच पार्लियामेंट का सामाजिक आधार कमजोर पड़ने लगा क्योंकि उसमें मध्यम वर्ग का दबदबा था। मध्यम वर्ग मजदूरों और कारीगरों की माँग का विरोध करता था और इसलिए उसे उनके समर्थन से हाथ धोना पड़ा। आखिरकार सेना बुलाई गई और इस तरह से एसेंबली को समाप्त कर दिया गया।

उदारवादी आंदोलन में महिलाओं ने भी भारी संख्या में हिस्सा लिया। इसके बावजूद, एसेंबली के चुनाव में उन्हें मताधिकार से मरहूम किया गया। जब सेंट पॉल के चर्च में फ्रैंकफर्ट पार्लियामेंट बुलाई गई तो महिलाओं को केवल दर्शक दीर्घा में बैठने की अनुमति मिली।

हालाँकि रुढ़िवादी ताकतों द्वारा उदारवादी आंदोलन को कुचल दिया गया लेकिन पुरानी व्यवस्था को दोबारा बहाल नहीं किया जा सका। 1848 के कई वर्षों के बाद राजा को यह अहसास होने लगा कि आंदोलन और दमन के उस कुचक्र को समाप्त करने का अगर कोई तरीका था तो वह था राष्ट्रवादी आंदोलनकारियों की मांगों को मान लेना। इसलिए मध्य और पूर्वी यूरोप के राजाओं ने उन बदलावों को अपनाना शुरु कर दिया जो पश्चिमी यूरोप में 1815 से पहले ही हो चुके थे।

हैब्सबर्ग के उपनिवेशों और रूस में दास प्रथा और बंधुआ मजदूरी को समाप्त किया गया। 1867 में हैब्सबर्ग के शासकों ने हंगरी को अधिक स्वायत्तता प्रदान की।