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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 2 months ago
A Pinhole Camera:
A pinhole camera works on the principle that light travels in straight lines.
The pinhole camera consists of a closed box having a small pinhole in the front and a translucent screen made of butter paper at the back which acts as a screen to receive the image of an object. The pinhole camera is used to view the images of various objects like trees and buildings, etc.
Formation of image in a pinhole camera:
A ray of light coming from the top point A of the tree passes through the pinhole in a straight line to form an image at point A’ on the screen. Another ray of light coming from the bottom B of the tree also passes through the pinhole in a straight line to form an image at point B’ on the screen. Each point on the tree AB forms its corresponding image on the screen between points A’and B’. The image A’B’ of the tree AB is produced on the screen.
The working of a pinhole camera illustrates the property that light travels in straight lines.
An inverted image is formed in a pinhole camera because the light rays coming from the top and bottom of the object intersect at the pinhole.
Characteristics of the image formed by a pinhole camera:
- The image in a pinhole camera is real and inverted.
- The image in a pinhole camera is of the same colour as the object.
- The image in a pinhole camera can be smaller than the object, equal to the object or bigger than the object depending on the distance of object from the pinhole camera.
Posted by Harsh Gartan 5 years, 4 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 1 month ago
The factors affecting the location ofindustry’are grouped into physical and human factors.
Physical Factors:
(i) Availability of Raw materials The factory needs to be close to the location of raw material if they are heavy and bulky to transport. For example, iron and steel industry is located near the source of raw material.
(ii) Water Source Water is an important factor that
determines the location of industries. Water is required for various industrial processes. River water and waterfalls can also be used to generate hydroelectricity.
(iii) Climate Climate plays a significant role in establishment of industries. Harsh climate is not much suitable for industries. Extremely hot, humid, dry or cold climate is not very conducive for industries. For example, cotton textile industry requires humid climate because thread breaks in dry climate.
Human Factors:
(i) Labour A large and cheap labour force is required for labour-intensive and manufacturing industries. High-tech industries have to be located where suitable skilled workers are available.
(ii) Capital This is the money that is invested to start a business. The amount of capital will determine the size and location of the factor.
(iii) Government Policies Industrial development is encouraged in some areas and restricted in others. Industries that are located in depressed areas may receive financial incentives and assistance from the government in the form of low rent and tax rates.
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 1 month ago
1) It is evident that globalisation increases foreign investment and job opportunities in developing countries. But it has its own pros and cons.
2) Globalisation is a failure for large number of small producers and workers as they could not cope up with advanced technology utilised by MNCs. Small manufacturers, job workers, etc who supply accessories to such MNCs could not avail full benefit from them
3) Economic disparities increase as only the well to do or wealthy people can buy products produced by foreign companies. The middle class buying society are either ignored or do not have the ability to buy such products produced by global companies
4) Moreover, in regard to employment opportunities only the skilled labour force who are educated and possess the talent to do the job offered by MNCs can avail employment while rest of the unskilled labour have to go without work or take up the jobs that come on their way for their living
Posted by Gurbhej Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Gaurav Seth 5 years, 1 month ago
Negative effects of liberalisation and globalisation are:
(i) Tremendous redistribution of economic power and political power leads to destabilising effects on the economy.
(ii) Rapid increase in technology forces enterprises to adapt to changes, or close their businesses.
(iii) Competition has increased for Indian firms.
(iv) Threat from multinational corporations.
(v) Acquisitions and mergers are increasing day-by-day.
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
A pinhole camera is a simple camera, without lens, in the shape of a box. One of the sides has a small hole and it produces an inverted image of the outside world at other side.
- The box should be painted black from outside and inside for better clarity.
- The object whose image is to be seen should be in bright light.
- Smaller the hole, sharper the image.
- Temporary Black and White images are formed on the screen if a tracing paper is used. Permanent colored and b & w images can be obtained using photographic films instead of tracing paper.
- In the below diagram, two boxes are placed one inside the other. The image of the outer object is created inverted on the inner box translucent screen.
Posted by Muskan Sherry 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
India has the world's largest area under sugarcane. This crop is the main source of sugar, gur and khandsari and holds a pre-eminent position as a cash crop in the country. It accounts for the largest value of production amongst all commercial crops. India stands next only to Brazil in the production of sugarcane and accounts for nearly one-fifth of the world cane production.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Pulses: India is the largest producer of pulses in the world. It is also the largest consumer of pulses. Pulses are usually produced in rotation with other crops. UP, MP, Rajasthan and Karnataka are the major pulse-producing states.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Maize: Maize is used both as food and fodder. It grows well in old alluvial soil and requires a temperature range of 21°-27°C. Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh are the major maize-producing states.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Millets: Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. Millets are known as coarse grains, but they have very high nutritional value.
- Jowar: Maharashtra is the largest producer of jowar; followed by Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. Jowar grows in moist areas and hardly needs irrigation.
- Bajra: Bajra grows well on sandy soil and shallow black soil. Rajasthan is the largest producer of bajra; followed by Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Gujarat and Haryana.
- Ragi: Ragi grows in dry regions on red, black, sandy loamy and shallow black soils. Karnataka is the largest producer of ragi; follower by Tamil Nadu.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Wheat: Wheat is the main food crop in north and north-western parts of India. Wheat needs 50 to 75 cm of annual rainfall which should be evenly distributed over the growing season. The Ganga-Sutlej plains in the northwest and black soil region of Deccan are the two important wheat-growing zones in India. Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan and parts of Madhya Pradesh are the important wheat producing regions.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Rice: India is the second largest producer of rice; after China. It requires high temperature (above 25°C), high humidity and annual rainfall above 100 cm. However, it can be grown with the help of suitable irrigation in areas of less rainfall. Rice is grown in the northern plains, northeast India, coastal areas and deltaic regions. Now-a-days, rice is also grown in Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh and in parts of Rajasthan. This has been possible because of development of a dense network of canals.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Zaid: The zaid season falls in between the rabi and kharif seasons. Watermelon, muskmelon, cucumber, vegetables and fodder crops are some of the crops grown in this season. Sugarcane is planted in this season but takes almost a year to grow.
Posted by Rohit Singh 5 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 5 years, 4 months ago
Rabi: Rabi crops are also known as winter crops. They are sown from October to December and harvested from April to June. Wheat, barley, pea, gram and mustard are the important rabi crops. Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Uttarakhan and Uttar Pradesh are the important producers of rabi crops.
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Rohit Panchal 5 years, 4 months ago
2Thank You