An entrepreneur is an individual who creates a new business, bearing most of the risks and enjoying most of the rewards. The entrepreneur is commonly seen as an innovator, a source of new ideas, goods, services, and business/or procedures.

Reserves are the subset of the stock, which can be put into use with the help of existing technical ‘know-how’ but their use has not been started. These can be used for meeting future requirements. River water can be used for generating hydroelectric power but presently, it is being utilised only to a limited extent. Thus, the water in the dams, forests etc. is a reserve which can be used in the future. ‘

It is essential to have resource planning because of the following reasons:

1. It helps to identify the various resources present in different regions of the country.
2. It helps in the conservation of various non-renewable/extinguishable resources.
3. It helps in reducing wastage of resources.
4. It helps in equal distribution of resources among the regions that have acute shortage of it.
5. It helps in keeping track of remaining resources.
6. It helps to take care of future generations.

Thus, resource planning is necessary for sustaining quality of life and global peace.

Economic growth depends on which of the following?
(a) Size of the population of the country
(b) Territory or area of the country
(c) Global scenario
(d) Co-operation among various nations

Answer
Answer: d

Sexually transmitted diseases by virus:

Genital Herpes is caused by herpes simplex virus and AIDS is caused by HIV.

Sexually transmitted diseases by bacteria:

Gonorrhoea is caused by Nisseria gonorrhoeae and Syphilis is caused by Trepanoma pallidum

Prevention of transmission of STD's:

i. Having *** with infected or any unknown person should be avoided.

ii. Sharing of needles, syringes etc. must be prohibited.

iii. The surgical and dental instruments should be sterilized properly before use.

iv. Avoid blood transfusion from infected person. Blood should be tested before transfusion.

v. Adequate medical treatment should be provided to the pregnant woman to protect the child from getting infected.

1)’ Placenta is a tissue formed by the cells from the embryo and the mother.
2) It is formed at around 12 weeks of pregnancy and becomes an important structure
for nourishment of the embryo. ’
3) Placenta is a disc which is embedded in the uterine wall. It contains villi on the embryo’s side of the tissue.
4) On the mother’s side are blood spaces, '
5) This provides a large surface area for diffusion of glucose, oxygen and other nutrients from the mother of the embryo.

Example: Order letter

You are Sakshi/Saksham, Hostel Warden, Radha Krishna Public School, Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh. Write a letter to the Sales Manager, Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd., New Delhi, placing an order for fans microwaves, ovens and geysers that you wish to purchase for the hostel. Also ask for discount permissible on the purchase.
Answer:
Radha Krishna Public School
Vrindavan
Uttar Pradesh XXXXX
18 May 20XX
The Sales Manager
Bharat Electronics and Domestic Appliances Ltd.
New Delhi 1100XX

Dear Sir
Subject: Placement of order for electronics We are happy to place the order for the following items. Kindly send the following items at the above. address through transport carefully.

All the items should be in good condition, well bound and packed properly. The items must be delivered by the end of the month of the issue of this letter. Any damage during transportation would be your responsibility. As in the past also, we have never been given any opportunity to complain and the goods have always reached as well on time, and in excellent condition as per our specifications. We do expect the same delivery this time as well. Kindly offer us a suitable discount as has been the practice all these years.

Yours faithfully
Saksham
Hostel Warden

Draw a ray diagram to show the path of light when it travels through glass slab.

Answer

Incident ray I enters the glass slab forms an angle of incidence ‘i’. Its bends towards the normal and forms an angle of refraction ‘r’. 

The emergent ray is parallel to the incident ray.

A journey by boat is always very pleasant. It has a charm of its own. Rowing a boat provides a lot of fun. Last summer I had the opportunity to go to Mauritius for about a week. We stayed in a hotel, which was within walking distance from the sea.


On the full moon day, my father hired a boat for two hours. The boat was quite spacious though not very big. All of us—my father, mother, sister, younger brother and myself, got into the boat.

It was dusk. The sun had just set. The scenery was very beautiful. There were not many boats in the sea. I wanted to row but my father was afraid to let me do that. The boatman came to my help. He said that he would take care that I did not cause any harm to the boat or to myself. In the end, my father .
I sat in the place of the boatman and had the joy of rowing for almost ten minutes. Imagine my thrill and pride when I was able to row the boat and keep it on course. Of course, its speed was reduced. My brother envied me.

Soon the moon was shining brightly. The tall coconut trees silhouetted against the sky made a beautiful scene. The lights of the nearby houses and of the bridge threw beams of silver in the sea. The sky was studded with stars. The view was breathtakingly beautiful.

Time flew and very soon the two hours were over. The boatman brought us back to the shore. We enjoyed every single minute of the boat ride. It was really wonderful. The memory still mesmerizes me.

Given polynomial: 

Product of zeroes of this polynomial = 4.

A polynomial is an expression of more than one or two algebraic term, may be a sum of those terms also.

We know, that the product of zeroes of a polynomial  can be given by =c/a

Hence, for the polynomial: , a = a, b = -6 and c = -6.

Product of zeroes of this polynomial = (-6)/a

4 = -6/a

a =  -6/4= -3/2

Double fertilization : It occurs when one male nucleus fertilizes (fuses) with egg cell to form zygote cell and other male nucleus fuses (fertilizes) with two polar nuclei to cause triple fusion. As these two types of fertilizations take place at the same time in the ovule of the plant, it is known as double fertilization.
After fertilization:
(i) Ovary develops into fruit.
(ii) Ovules develop into seeds.

Double fertilization : It occurs when one male nucleus fertilizes (fuses) with egg cell to form zygote cell and other male nucleus fuses (fertilizes) with two polar nuclei to cause triple fusion. As these two types of fertilizations take place at the same time in the ovule of the plant, it is known as double fertilization.
After fertilization:
(i) Ovary develops into fruit.
(ii) Ovules develop into seeds.

 Medium of exchange: The primary function of money is to act as a medium of exchange between two parties involved in a transaction. It avoids the practical problems of wastage of time and resources involved in the barter system of exchange and it improves the efficiency of the transaction. It promotes allocation efficiency in the trade and production of goods and services. In case of the barter system, the sale and purchase of goods occurs at the same time. Their sale and purchase value also remains equal at that point. A person can purchase or sell goods with cash without selling or purchasing any good at that point, after money came into existence. Thus, the act of purchase and sale has been separated. Thereby the medium of exchange facilitated sale and purchase very easily in terms of monetary value. For example, a fruit seller wants to sell his fruits to buy wheat. In the absence of money, he will have to look for some person who wants to sell wheat and buy fruits. This is not always easy and possible. However, with money as a medium of exchange, the fruit seller has to just find a buyer for his fruits. When fruits are exchanged for money, he can purchase wheat from the market.

(i) Change in colour: Reaction between lead nitrate solution and potassium iodide solution.

Pb(NO₃)₂(aq)+2KI → PbI₂(s)+2KNO₃(aq)

In this reaction, colour changes from colourless to yellow.

(ii)Change in temperature: Action of dilute sulphuric acid on zinc.

Zn(s) + H₂SO₄(aq) → ZnSO₄(aq) + H₂

In this reaction, heat is evolved

(iii) Formation of precipitate: Action of barium chloride on sodium sulphate.

BaCl₂(aq) +Na₂SO₄(aq) →  BaSO₄(s) +2NaCl(aq)

BaSO₄(s) - ppt

A n s w e r :

 Bleaching powder is formed.

(i) It is used as bleaching agent in paper and textile industries. 

(ii)It is used as disinfectant in purification of drinking water.

1. Length of conductor: The resistance (R) of a conductor is directly proportional to its length (l).
R∝l
If we increase the length of a conductor, its resistance increases since only less amount of current can pass through it. If we reduce the length of a conductor, the resistance decreases since more current can pass through it.
2. Area of cross-section: Area of the cross-section is inversely proportional to the resistance.
R∝1 / A
If we double the area of cross-section, the resistance will be half. So, electricity can. That's why we are using thick wires for the heavy electrical loads.
3. Nature of material: Conductors offer less resistance compared to insulators. That’s why we are using plastic materials for electrical insulation purposes like switches, coatings etc.
Effect of temperature: Resistance of pure metals are showing a direct relationship with temperature. But generally, alloys like nichrome won’t show that much change in resistance with respect to the temperature. The resistance of semiconductors decreases with increasing temperature.
From these conclusions, we can conclude that,
R∝l / A
The proportionality constant is known as resistivity (ρ).
R=ρ l / A
Resistivity is a measurable property that quantifies how strongly a given material opposes the electric current flow. It depends upon the dimension of the material. It is also known as specific electrical resistance. It is inverse to conductivity. Its unit is Ω
If we are considering unit measurements, we can say that; the electrical resistivity of a material is the resistance of the material per unit length and per unit cross-sectional area at a specified temperature.

 

A n s w e r:

The resistance of the conductor depends on the following factors:

• The temperature of the conductor
• The cross-sectional area of the conductor
• Length of the conductor
• Nature of the material of the conductor

The given equations are:

(k+1)x+3ky+15=0, and

5x+ky+5=0

Since, the given equations are coincident, therefore

{tex}\frac{a_{1}}{a_{2}}=\frac{b_{1}}{b_{2}}=\frac{c_{1}}{c_{2}} \frac{k+1}{5}=\frac{3k}{k}=\frac{15}{5}{/tex}

Taking the first two terms, we have

k=14

Or

The given equations are:

, and

Since, the given equations are coincident, therefore

Taking the first two terms, we have

A n s w e r
Entrepreneurs regularly nurture ventures by other like-minded individuals. They also invest in community projects and provide financial support to local charities. This enables further development beyond their own ventures.

There are many myths about characteristics and traits of entrepreneurs. With the set of activities, they perform, entrepreneurs start to be described in a certain way. However, these descriptions and conclusions are made after the entrepreneur is already successful. It might not apply when a person starts from scratch to move towards entrepreneurship. It might not apply universally to all entrepreneurs.

Myth:

Entrepreneurs have to take a lot of risk While entrepreneurs definitely have to bear some risks, they do not necessarily put themselves in high-risk situations. Entrepreneurs take calculated risks and weigh risk versus reward.

Social entrepreneurship can be understood as creation of sustainable solutions for social problems that leads to social change by employing entrepreneurial mindset, processes and operations. In social entrepreneurship research is conducted to completely define a specific and core social problem. Many social problems are tackled by social entrepreneurs such as low reach of quality education, health and sanitation, unemployment, child labour etc.

There are many myths about characteristics and traits of entrepreneurs. With the set of activities, they perform, entrepreneurs start to be described in a certain way. However, these descriptions and conclusions are made after the entrepreneur is already successful. It might not apply when a person starts from scratch to move towards entrepreneurship. It might not apply universally to all entrepreneurs.

1 Entrepreneurs are born a certain way: It is an assumption that entrepreneurial qualities are inborn and that only people with certain natural talents can become entrepreneurs. This is a myth and research had established that almost anyone can be an entrepreneur with the right skills, drive and passion. There is no set defined way to point towards personality types of entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship is a learned skill, not a natural-born ability.

2 Great ideas are what makes entrepreneurs: In actuality, there is no real or commercial value of just an idea. People who are able to execute the idea and turn it into a business are referred to as entrepreneurial. Entrepreneurs do not necessarily reinvent the wheel. Many times, they take existing ideas to make a business out of it.

3 Entrepreneurs have to take a lot of risk : While entrepreneurs definitely have to bear some risks, they do not necessarily put themselves in high-risk situations. Entrepreneurs take calculated risks and weigh risk versus reward. 7.4 Businesses either skyrocket or fail Although select few start-ups skyrocket and receive all the media attention, it is easy to adopt an allor-nothing outlook on entrepreneurship. While many ventures make it big and many fail, a lot of businesses are run with patience and strategy with a focus on self-sustenance and gradual growth.

1 Hard work: Without working hard, no entrepreneur can be successful. On an average, successful entrepreneurs are found to be working anywhere between 60 to 90 hours per week, which is much higher than 40 hours per week. Entrepreneurs use a lot of trial and error and keep putting in work till they succeed.

2 Optimism: Positivity and belief in what they do is what takes entrepreneurs far in their journey. Entrepreneurs should get think negatively or be afraid of adverse situations. For an entrepreneur, part of being optimistic is about learning from mistakes and failures and finding alternative ways to do things.

3 Independence: Entrepreneurs are confident and like the freedom to take decisions. They prefer to be their own master and not work under someone else. Entrepreneurs like the independence to drive a business on their own.

4 Energetic: Drive and energy is always high in successful entrepreneurs which makes them extremely proactive. They are continuously taking actions to try multiple approaches and execute things.

5 Self-confident: Belief in one’s own vision and abilities and passion for the goal makes successful entrepreneurs confident. Entrepreneurs are able to transfer this passion and vision to investors, employees, customers etc. to sell their idea to every stakeholder.

6 Perseverant: A way of thinking that helps to accept failure, learn from mistakes, not give up, continuously experiment etc. is crucial for an entrepreneur. Hence, entrepreneurs need to be perseverant in their pursuit.

Kepler First law – The Law of Orbits

According to Kepler’s first law,” All the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits having the sun at one of the foci”. The point at which the planet is close to the sun is known as perihelion and the point at which the planet is farther from the sun is known as aphelion.

It is the characteristics of an ellipse that the sum of the distances of any planet from two foci is constant. The elliptical orbit of a planet is responsible for the occurrence of seasons.

Kepler First Law – The Law of Orbits

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Kepler’s Second Law – The Law of Equal Areas

Kepler’s second law states ” The radius vector drawn from the sun to the planet sweeps out equal areas in equal intervals of time”

As the orbit is not circular, the planet’s kinetic energy is not constant in its path. It has more <a href="https://byjus.com/physics/kinetic-energy/">kinetic energy</a> near perihelion and less kinetic energy near aphelion implies more speed at perihelion and less speed (v_min) at aphelion. If r is the distance of planet from sun, at perihelion (r_min) and at aphelion (r_max), then,

r_min + r_max = 2a × (length of major axis of an ellipse) . . . . . . . (1)

Kepler’s Second Law – The law of Equal Areas

For an infinitesimal movement of the planet in a time interval in an elliptical orbit, the area swept by the planet in time is given by;

dA/dt = d/dt [ 1/2 × r × (v dt)]= 1/2 × rv . . . . . (2)

At perihelion r = r_min, v = v_max then from Equation 2;

dA/dt = 1/2 × r_min × v_max) = [m × v_max × r_min]/2m = L/2m;

At aphelion r = r_max, v = v_min then from Equation 2;

dA/dt = 1/2 × v_min × r_max = [m × v_min × r_max]/2m = L/2m

Kepler’s second law can also be stated as “The areal velocity of a planet revolving around the sun in elliptical orbit remains constant which implies the angular momentum of a planet remains constant”. As the angular momentum is constant all planetary motions are planar motions, which is a direct consequence of central force.

Kepler’s Third Law – The Law of Periods

According to Kepler’s law of periods,” The square of the time period of revolution of a planet around the sun in an elliptical orbit is directly proportional to the cube of its semi-major axis”.

T² ∝ a³

Shorter the orbit of the planet around the sun, shorter the time taken to complete one revolution. Using the equations of Newton’s law of gravitation and laws of motion, Kepler’s third law takes a more general form:

P² = 4π² /[G(M₁+ M₂)] × a³

where M₁ and M₂ are the masses of the two orbiting objects in solar masses.