Bronchial here refers to relation with bronchi or bronchioles.

Individuals suffer rom various bronchial diseases such as Bronchitis, Bronchiolitis etc.

Average rate of reaction = ( change in concentration) / time

Change in concentration = (0.04 - 0.05)M  = - 0.01M

Time =30 minutes

Average rate of reaction = - 0.01M / 30 mins = 0.00033 mins = 3.3 X 10^-4 M/  mins

Diffusion is the movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. A good example of diffusion is food colouring.

PCT: Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Proximal tubule connects the Bowmen’s capsule and the loop of Henle. Its inner epithelium is converted to a brush border in order to increase the efficiency of reabsorption. This tubule is basically responsible for reabsorbing all the nutrient back into the systemic blood from the filtrate. In addition, it also reabsorbs two-third of NaCl and water filtered into Bowman's capsule. Active transport of Na+ from the filtrate and into surrounding capillaries drives the reabsorption process.

DCT: Distal Convoluted Tubule

Distal convoluted tubule is located in between the loop of Henley and collecting duct. It does not have brush border in its lumen. Distal tubule helps to regulate pH of blood by regulating H+ ion concentration. Also, the regulation of calcium by hormones is taken place at distal convoluted tubule.

What is the difference between Proximal and Distal Tubule?

• Diameter of proximal tubule is larger than that of distal tubule.

• Epithelium of proximal tubule contains a brush boarder, whereas that of the distal tubule contains few short microvilli.

• Proximal tubule has an irregular or star shaped lumen. In contrast, distal tubule has perfectly round lumen.

• Proximal tubule connects the Bowman’s capsule and nephron loop (loop of Henle), whereas distal tubule connects nephron loop and collecting duct.

• Distal tubule helps to regulate pH and ions like potassium, sodium, calcium content in the blood, whereas proximal tubule regulates salt, water, organic solutes (glucose and amino acids), potassium, urea, phosphate and citrate contents.

not homogeneous

there is a term independent of  function y

12 elements would be there in 2nd period.

Because 2nd shell  has 4 orbitals  and 4X3= 12 . Hence 12 electrons would be filled in 2nd shell .