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Meghna Thapar 4 weeks, 1 day ago
A dihybrid cross is a cross between F1 offspring of two individuals that differ in two traits of a particular interest. For example, Mendel took homozygous dominant Round and yellow seeds (RRYY) and crossed it with homozygous recessive wrinkled and green seeds (rryy), the progeny obtained in F1 generation were all round and yellow seed (RrYy). The offsprings were heterozygous for both R and Y gene. The F1 plant has four types of gametes, RY, Ry, rY, and ry. For genes on separate chromosomes, each allele pair shows independent assortment. Thus, by crossing F1, the phenotypic ratio was 9:3:3:1, where 9 is yellow and round seeds, 3 represents round and green seeds, 3 represents yellow and wrinkled seeds and 1 represents green and wrinkled seeds.
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Yogita Ingle 1 month, 1 week ago
Neuroglia are non-neuronal cells that support and protect the neurons. Neuroglia in the central nervous system include astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglial cells, and ependymal cells. Schwann cells and satellite cells are the neuroglia in the peripheral nervous system.
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Biomolecules are defined as any organic molecule present in a living cell which includes carbohydrates, proteins, fats etc. Each biomolecule is essential for body functions and manufactured within the body. They can vary in nature, type, and structure where some may be straight chains, some may be cyclic rings or both. Also, they can vary in physical properties such as water solubility, melting points.
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New born baby generally has 305 bones and its skeleton is made up of cartilage.
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Yogita Ingle 3 months, 2 weeks ago
Francis Crick in 1956 proposed the hypothesis of Central Dogma This explains the flow of genetic information in any biological system.
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Gaurav Seth 3 months, 2 weeks ago
Four
AaBbCC will produce 4 types of gametes which are as follows- ABC, AbC, aBC, abC. The number of gametes formed is decided by the number of heterozygous alleles present in the given genotype. 2^n is the formula used to find it out, where n=number of heterozygous alleles present in the genotype. Say for example, in the above genotype Aa & Bb are the 2 heterozygous alleles, so here n=2. Putting the values in the formula , we get 2^2=4. Hence 4 types of gametes are formed.
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The mallow family (Malvaceae) contains some 243 genera and at least 4,225 species of herbaceous plants, shrubs, and trees distributed nearly worldwide.
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In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle or carrier which carries the desired gene from donor to recipient cell, where it can be replicated and/or expressed. The plasmid is extrachromosomal circular DNA which acts as vector DNA. The plasmid is the most important vector as it possesses multiple cloning sites, an origin of replication and a selectable marker.
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In angiosperms, flower is the reproductive organ of the plant. Stamen, the male reproductive part of flower, is made up of anther and filament. Carpel is the female reproductive part and is composed of stigma, style and ovary. The flower may be unisexual that is, it contains either stamens or carpels or bisexual which contains both stamens and carpels. Stamen produces pollen grains that are yellowish in colour. The ovary contains ovules and each ovule has an egg cell. When a pollen grain falls on the stigma of the carpel, it bursts open and grows into a pollen tube downwards through the style towards the female gamete in the ovary. A male gamete moves down the pollen tube and enters the ovule in the ovary. The tip of the pollen tube bursts open and male gamete comes out of the pollen tube which combines with the nucleus of the female gamete present in the ovule to form a fertilised egg called zygote.
The pollen needs to be transferred from the stamen to the stigma. The transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a carpel is called pollination.
If this transfer of pollen occurs in the same flower, it is referred to as self-pollination but if the pollen is transferred from one flower to another, it is known as cross-pollination. The process of pollination is achieved by agents like wind, water or animals. After the pollen lands on a suitable stigma, it has to reach the female germ-cells which are in the ovary. For this, a tube grows out of the pollen grain and travels through the style to reach the ovary. The fertilised egg divides several times to form an embryo within the ovule which develops a tough coat around it and is gradually converted into a seed. The ovary of the flower develops and becomes a fruit with seeds inside it.
Yogita Ingle 4 months, 3 weeks ago
- The process of fusion of one male gamete with the egg along with the union of the second male gamete with the two polar nuclei or the secondary nucleus is called double fertilisation.
- Out of the two male gametes, one fuses with the egg to carry out generative fertilisation or syngamy. It gives rise to a diploid zygote or oosphere.
- The nucleus of the second male gamete fuses with two haploid polar nuclei or diploid secondary nucleus of the central cell to form a triploid primary endosperm nucleus (PEN). The central cell is called primary endosperm cell (PEC). This is called vegetative fertilisation or triple fusion
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Liver is the largest gland and second largest organ of Human Body. It can weigh up to 1.3 to 1.6 Kg for a human adult and is a reddish brown in colour.
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Gaurav Seth 2 weeks, 1 day ago
Aristotle is known as the “Father of Biology” because he extensively studied the natural world and contemplated its origins using scientific insights and systematic observations rather than attributing it to divine intervention. He was also the first to uncover the relationship between animals and establish a system of classification.
During his time, Aristotle made many observations about the local flora and fauna, for instance, he was the first to document that an octopus can change its colour when disturbed. He also named close to 500 species of animals, identifying their characteristic features and documenting them.
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