What are +I effect & -I …
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Dr. Kamlapati Bhatt 6 years, 9 months ago
Inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of a {tex}\sigma{/tex} bonds within a molecule or ion. This is typically due to electronegativity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.
The inductive effect is permanent , but relatively weak hence the effect rapidly dies out , & is usually not significant after 2nd carbon atom , or at the most 3rd.
.For example , if an electronegative atom Cl is connected to a chain of carbon atoms , then the positive charge is relayed to to the other carbon atoms ( as depicted below )
There are two categories of inductive effects : the electron withdrawing effect ( -I effect ) and the electron releasing effect (+ I ) effect. The following images high light certain charecteristics and suitable examples of the two different types of inductive effects.
- I effect
- I effect is seen around a more electronegative atom or group , where the electron density is higher than elsewhere in the molecule.
+ I effect
The + I effect is observed among the less electronegative atoms of the molecule by electron releasing ( or electron donating group ) or groups , viz. alkyl groups .
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