Cleansing action of soap bta do …

Most of the dirt is oily in nature and oil does not dissolve in water. The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus the soap molecules form structures called micelles .In micelles one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside. Therefore, it forms emulsion in water and helps in dissolving the dirt r when we wash our clothes. The soap is a kind of molecule in which both the ends have different properties. The first one is the hydrophilic end which dissolves water and is attracted towards it whereas the second one is the hydrophobic end that is dissolved in hydrocarbons and is water repulsive in nature. If on the surface of water, soap is present then the hydrophobic tail which is not soluble in water will align along the water surface.

The soap molecules consists of two parts ionic part and hydrocarbon part. The ionic part is soluble in water but insoluble in oil and dirt.The hydrocarbon part is vice-versa and called as hydrophobic part. When Soap is dissolved in water then the hydrocarbon part get attached to the oil and dirt present on the cloth and the ionic part is repelled away. This structure of soap molecules is called miscelle. The hydrophobic part get attached to the oil and dirt and removes them .The hydrophilic part send this oil into water and the cloth get cleaned.