How did nationalism emerge in Vietnam

Nationalism in Vietnam was the result of the efforts of different sections of society : a. Many religious movements began in Vietnam to show their hostility to the presence of French, and to Christianity. For example Scholars movement of 1868. b. The role of Phan Boi Chau, who formed the revolutionary society to resist French domination, and who sought the support of the monarchy and the court to drive the French out. c. The role of Phan Chi Trinh who resisted French presence but was not totally against the western ideas. d. The Go East movement of the early 20thy century, which aimed to re establish the Nguyen dynasty by seeking Japanese and the Chinese help. e. Students , teachers actively resisted French presence and domination in schools.