NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies Class 9 Social Science book solutions are available in PDF format for free download. These ncert book chapter wise questions and answers are very helpful for CBSE exam. CBSE recommends NCERT books and most of the questions in CBSE exam are asked from NCERT text books. Class 9 Social Science chapter wise NCERT solution for Social Science part 1 part 2 Part 3 and Part 4 for all the chapters can be downloaded from our website and myCBSEguide mobile app for free.

NCERT Solutions for History Livelihoods Economies and Societies Download as PDF

NCERT Class 9 Social Science Chapter-wise Solutions

Economics

1. People as Resources
2. The Story of Village Palampur
3. Poverty as Challenge
4. Food Security in India

Geography

1. India-Size and Location
2. Physical Features of India
3. Drainage
4. Climate
5. Vegetation and Wildlife
6. Population

History

1. The French Revolution
2. Socialism In Europe And The Russian Revolution
3. Nazism And The Rise Of Hitler
4. Forest Society And Colonialism
5. Pastoralists In The Modern World
6. Peasants And Farmers
7. History And Sport
8. Clothing-A Social History

Political Science

1. Democracy In The Contemporary World
2. What is Democracy?
3. Constitutional Design
4. Electoral Politics
5. Working Of Institutions
6. Democratic rights

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

Question 1. Discuss how the changes in forest management in the colonial period affectedthe following groups of people:

(i).Shifting cultivators

Answer : (i) Shifting cultivators practise slash and burn agriculture.In this practise, parts of the forest are cut and burnt in rotation.European foresters regarded this practice as harmful for the forests.They felt that such land could not be used for growing trees for railway timber and was dangerous while being burnt as it could start a forest fire. This type of cultivation also made dificult for the government to calculate taxes. Thus, Colonial government banned shiftinf cultivation. As a result, manycommunities were forcibly displaced from their homes in the forests. Some had to change occupations, while some resisted through large and small rebellions.

(ii).Nomadic and pastoralist communities

Answer : (ii)The reservation of forest areas by the British Government also sealed the fate of many nomadic and pastoral communities like the Korava, Karacha and Yerukula of the Madras Presidency lost their means of livelihood. Earlier these people and their cattle depended totally on the forest from which they were deprived because of the new forest management. Some of these communities began to be called ‘criminal tribes’ and were forced to work in factories, mines, and plantations under government supervision.Thus, these people were forced to operate within new systems and reorganize their lives.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

(iii).Firms trading in timber/forest produce

Answer : (iii)Firms trading in timber products were given the sole trading rights to trade in the forest products of particular areas. They made huge profits and became richer. The entire timber and forest trade passed on to them. They became powerful and began to cut down trees indiscriminately.

(iv).Plantation owners

Answer : (iv)Plantation owners found that more and more forest land could be cleared for plantations. The British had made it very clear that their system of forestry would be scientific forestry, i.e., plantations. Plantation owners began to reap profits as the British government gave large areas of forest land to European planters.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

(v).Kings/British officials engaged in shikar

Answer : (v)While the forest dwellers were deprived of their right to hunt deer, partridges and a variety of small animals, the Indian Kings and British officials were allowed to hunt freely in the reserved forests. Under the colonial rule, the hunting increased to such an extent that various species became extinct. A large number of tigers, leopards, wolves were killed as sporting trophy. Hunting or shikar became a sport. Later the environmentalists and conservators realized many species of animals needed to be protected and not killed.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

Question 2. What are the similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and in Java?

Answer : The similarities between colonial management of the forests in Bastar and Java were :
→ Forest laws were enacted in Java and Bastar.
→ These laws restricted villagers’ access to forests.
→ Timber could be cut from only specified forests and under close supervision.
→ Villagers were punished for entering forests and collecting forest products without permit.
→ Permits were issued to the villagers for entry into forests and collection of forest products.
→ Both had a forest service.
→ Both followed a system of forestry which was known as scientific forestry.
→ In both places Forest Acts meant severe hardship for villagers. Their everyday practices — cutting wood for their houses, grazing their cattle, collecting fruits and roots, hunting and fishing became illegal.
→ Constables and forests guards began to harass people.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

Question 3. Between 1880 and 1920, forest cover in the Indian subcontinent declined by 9.7million hectares, from 108.6 million hectares to 98.9 million hectares. Discussthe role of the following factors in this decline:

(i).Railways

Answer : (i)Railways played a vital role in the decline of the forest cover in India.For laying railway tracks forestland had to be cleared.Apart from clearing area for tracks, railway locomotives required timber for fuel and sleepers. For all these needs forests had to be cut down. The British government gave contracts to individuals to supply the required quantity of timber. These individuals cutdown trees indiscriminately.

(ii).Shipbuilding

Answer : ii)By the end of 19th century, oak forests in England had almost disappeared. This created a shortage of timber for the Royal Navy. If the imperial power was to be protected and maintained, the building of ships was the first priority. So, search parties were sent to explore the forest resources of India. A large number of sleepers began to be exported to England annually. This further led to the indiscriminate cutting of trees year after year which caused deforestation on a massive scale.

(iii).Agricultural expansion

Answer: (iii)Population was on the rise and the demand for food increased. Peasants extended the boundaries of cultivation by clearing forests. This gave them more land available for cultivation. In addition, there was great demand for cash crops such as tea, cotton, jute, sugar, etc., which were needed to feed the industries of England.

(iv).Commercial farming

Answer : (iv)The British directly encouraged the production of commercial crops like jute, sugar, wheat and cotton. The demand for these crops increased in the 19th century in Europe, where foodgrains were needed to feed the growing urban population and raw materials were required for industrial production. Hence, large tracts of forest land were cleared to make land available for commercial farming.

(v).Tea/Coffee plantations

Answer : (v)The colonial state thought that forest land was unproductive. It did not yield agricultural produce nor revenue. Large areas of natural forests were hence cleared to make way for tea, coffee and rubber plantations to meet Europe’s growing need for these commodities. The colonial government took over the forests and gave vast areas to European planters at cheap rates. The areas were enclosed and cleared of forests and planted with tea or coffee.

(vi).Adivasis and other peasant users

Answer : (vi) The Adivasis and other peasant users,gather forest products and graze their cattle. Their livelihood mainly came from forest produce.This does not destroy the forests except sometimes in shifting agriculture. In fact, now the new trends that promote forest conservation tend to involve local villagers in conservation and preservation. The adivasis and other peasant communities regard the forests as their own and even engage watchmen to keep a vigilover their forests.

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NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History Livelihoods Economies and Societies

Question 4. Why are forests affected by wars?

Answer : Forests are affected by wars and this often leads to deforestation. Forests during wars are freely cut to meet the needs of war. Forests are as important resource and hence during wars they are destroyed by their own country under the ‘a scorched earth policy’. This prevents the enemy from using this resource. Many villagers used this opportunity to expand cultivation in the forest.

NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science

NCERT Solutions Class 9 Social Science PDF (Download) Free from myCBSEguide app and myCBSEguide website. Ncert solution class 9 Social Science includes text book solutions from part 1 and part 2 part 3 and part 4. NCERT Solutions for CBSE Class 9 Social Science have total 24 chapters. 9 Social Science NCERT Solutions in PDF for free Download on our website. Ncert Social Science class 9 solutions PDF and Social Science ncert class 9 PDF solutions with latest modifications and as per the latest CBSE syllabus are only available in myCBSEguide.

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