Average rate of reaction = ( change in concentration) / time

Change in concentration = (0.04 - 0.05)M  = - 0.01M

Time =30 minutes

Average rate of reaction = - 0.01M / 30 mins = 0.00033 mins = 3.3 X 10^-4 M/  mins

Diffusion is the movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration. A good example of diffusion is food colouring.

PCT: Proximal Convoluted Tubule

Proximal tubule connects the Bowmen’s capsule and the loop of Henle. Its inner epithelium is converted to a brush border in order to increase the efficiency of reabsorption. This tubule is basically responsible for reabsorbing all the nutrient back into the systemic blood from the filtrate. In addition, it also reabsorbs two-third of NaCl and water filtered into Bowman's capsule. Active transport of Na+ from the filtrate and into surrounding capillaries drives the reabsorption process.

DCT: Distal Convoluted Tubule

Distal convoluted tubule is located in between the loop of Henley and collecting duct. It does not have brush border in its lumen. Distal tubule helps to regulate pH of blood by regulating H+ ion concentration. Also, the regulation of calcium by hormones is taken place at distal convoluted tubule.

What is the difference between Proximal and Distal Tubule?

• Diameter of proximal tubule is larger than that of distal tubule.

• Epithelium of proximal tubule contains a brush boarder, whereas that of the distal tubule contains few short microvilli.

• Proximal tubule has an irregular or star shaped lumen. In contrast, distal tubule has perfectly round lumen.

• Proximal tubule connects the Bowman’s capsule and nephron loop (loop of Henle), whereas distal tubule connects nephron loop and collecting duct.

• Distal tubule helps to regulate pH and ions like potassium, sodium, calcium content in the blood, whereas proximal tubule regulates salt, water, organic solutes (glucose and amino acids), potassium, urea, phosphate and citrate contents.

12 elements would be there in 2nd period.

Because 2nd shell  has 4 orbitals  and 4X3= 12 . Hence 12 electrons would be filled in 2nd shell .

Charge -Radius Ratio: It is a measuring technique which describes the metallic character of elements.

According to charge/radius ratio, the element having c/r less than 7.0 are called as metallic, ane those elements which have charge /radius ratio greater than 7.0 are called as non-metallic, whereas it has been seen that the element which has charge/radius ratio slightly greater than 7.0 are called as semi-metals or more commonly called as semi -conductor.

No, cartilagenous rings are present only in the region of bronchii.

A primary pulmonary lobule is defined as the lung unit distal to the respiratory bronchioles. It is significantly smaller than an acinus, and is composed of alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs and alveoli.

Right main bronchus

The epithelium is either columnar or cuboidal.

Mass of hydrogen =10g

No. of moles of hydrogen =w/M= 10g/2gmol^-1 =5mol

Mass of oxygen =64g

Moles of oxygen = w/M = 64g /32gmol^-1 = 2mol

According to the reaction, 2H₂  + O₂     ------------     2 H₂O

Hence, for 2 moles  of oxygen, 4 moles of hydrogen are required  and 4 moles of water is produced. Here oxygen is the limiting reagent

Decomposition can be aerobic or anaerobic. Two broad categories of microorganisms consume and decompose organic matter: those that need air (aerobic) and those that don't (anaerobic).

Can be aerobic or anaerobic. Increases in absence of oxygen.

Partial regulators change their body temperature to certain level of ambient temperature but if the temperature goes on increasing they can maintain a steady temperature.

ex-shrew (Sorex araneus), ground squirrel (Spermophilus tridecemlineatus).No because of small size they are partial regulators.

Shrew is an example of partial regulator. Others are regulators.