The Nayanars and Alvars were the Tamil poet-saints who played a key role in propagating the Bhakti Movement in Southern India during the 5th-10th Centuries. The Nayanars were a group of 63 saints devoted to Lord Shiva who lived during the 6th to 8th centuries CE. Similarity Both Lingayats and Nayanars protested against caste system and the dominance of Brahmanas. The Alvars were devotees of Vishnu, whereas the Nayanars were devotees of Shiva.

Sulh-i-Kul is an Arabic term literally meaning universal peace. Akbar had this policy during his reign. It described a peaceful and harmonious relationship among different religions. It formed the basis for Akbar's policy of religious toleration. Sulh- i-kul was to become his method of judging what was legally right or wrong within his empire and was created because Akbar understood that he was trying to build political institutions for predominately non-Muslim society. ... In the civil courts Akbar abolished laws that discriminated against non-Muslims.

By the eleventh century, Sufism evolved into a well developed movement in the following ways: It developed a body of literature on Quranic studies and Sufi practices. The Sufis began to organise communities around the hospice or Khanqah and it was controlled by a teaching master known as Shaikh, Pir or Murshid.

Rajeev Kinra's Writing Self, Writing Empire is a window into the life and writings of Chandar Bhan Brahman, a skilled Farsi poet and a munshi who served in the Mughal court under emperors Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb. The Mughal (or Mogul) Empire ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and 17th centuries. It consolidated Islam in South Asia, and spread Muslim (and particularly Persian) arts and culture as well as the faith.

n reference to the article Nation mourns Sheikh Mubarak (February 25), Sheikh Mubarak was one of the architects of this country. He was a founder, along with the other founders of the union, and a man with a heart of gold. I've had the privilege, honour and blessing to have met this man. During my visit to Sheikh Nahyan's palace during my academic days to my own personal visits (years later) during Eid and other occasions, Sheikh Mubarak was an important part of the visits. His positive and kind welcoming of guests, even in his old age, was a testament to his love of country, its traditions and values. Even seeing him with Sheikh Nahyan in the middle of the city and greeting him, I saw how he was concerned for the common man. It was indeed humbling. We are indeed lucky to have his sons with us. Sheikh Mubarak was not only a sheikh of the Royal Family, he was a sheikh of the people, and he will be sorely missed. May Allah bless him. Mohamed al Junaibi, Dubai

The name Amara is a girl's name of Italian, Greek, African origin meaning "grace or bitter". Amara is the Italian word for bitter, from the same root as Mary and Miriam. It has separate roots in West Africa as a name that means “grace” in the Igbo language. Amara was the 193rd most popular girls name and 5737th most popular boys name. In 2018 there were 1,564 baby girls and only 15 baby boys named Amara. 1 out of every 1,180 baby girls and 1 out of every 128,591 baby boys born in 2018 are named Amara.

In time Vijayanagar became the greatest empire of southern India. By serving as a barrier against invasion by the Muslim sultanates of the north, it fostered the reconstruction of Hindu life and administration after the disorders and disunities of the 12th and 13th centuries. Hampi is famous for its ruins belonging to the erstwhile medieval Hindu kingdom of Vijaynagar and it is declared a World Heritage site. The temples of Hampi, its monolithic sculptures and monuments, attract the traveler because of their excellent workmanship.

Ashoka's fame is largely due to his pillar and rock edicts, which allowed him to reach a wide audience and left a lasting historical record. He is remembered as a model ruler, controlling a vast and diverse Mauryan empire through peace and respect, with dharma at the centre of his ideology. The Sri Lankan tradition adds that during his 6th regnal year, Ashoka's son Mahinda became a Buddhist monk, and his daughter became a Buddhist nun. A story in Divyavadana attributes Ashoka's conversion to the Buddhist monk Samudra, who was an ex-merchant from Shravasti.

Agriculture was the main occupation of the Indus Valley people. Crops such as wheat, barley, peas and bananas were raised. In the olden days, there was enough rain in that region and occasional floods brought a great deal of fertile soil to the area. Apart from trade and industry, agriculture was the main occupation of the Indus people. The Indus people were a civilization that was built on the practice of trade with other civilizations of the day. Farmers brought food into the cities. City workers made such things as pots, beads and cotton cloth.

Brahmavarta

The Hindu religious text Manusmriti describes Brahmavarta as the region between the rivers Saraswati and Drishadwati in India. The text defines the area as the place where the "good" people are born, with "goodness" being dependent on location rather than behaviour. The name has been translated in various ways, including "holy land", "sacred land", "abode of gods" and "the scene of creation".

The precise location and size of the region has been the subject of academic uncertainty. Some scholars, such as the archaeologists Bridget and Raymond Allchin, believe the term Brahmavarta to be synonymous with the Aryavarta region.

Of all Vedic literature, the Upanishads alone are widely known, and their central ideas are at the spiritual core of Hinduism. The Upanishads are commonly referred to as Vedānta. Vedanta has been interpreted as the "last chapters, parts of the Veda" and alternatively as "object, the highest purpose of the Veda". Veda of which the upanishads is a part, were compiled into four volumes by Veda Vyasa sometime after the Mahabharata war in the 5th millennium BCE as, with so many deaths, there was danger that this ancient wisdom would be lost in time.

(i)    Paintings of the Mughal period were beyond the lives of the laymen. That was deemed as only the thing of the court. Hence the royal families, natural scenes, wars, animal fights, hunting, royal processions, etc. were painted in the paintings of this period.
(ii)    There was no painting related to religious matters in Mughal paintings whereas there was an overflow of paintings on earthly and natural beauty.
(iii)    Special emphasis was laid on natural scenes in the paintings of the Mughal period. The natural and scenic beauty was portrayed in the background of every painting.
(iv)    Special emphasis was laid on the individual paintings of the Mughal rulers since the painters not only gained financially but also came in the good books of the ruling class. On gaining their pleasure, the painters got a place in the royal court.

(i) Chronicles commissioned by the Mughal emperors are an important source for studying the empire and its court. They were written in order to project a vision of an enlightened kingdom to all those who came under its umbrella. The authors of
Mughal chronicles focused on events-related to life of the ruler, their family, the court and nobles, wars and administrative
system.
(ii)These chronicles were written in Persian. This language flourished as a language of the court and of literary writings, alongside north Indian languages, especially Hindavi and its regional variants. As the Mughals were Chaghtai Turks by origin, Turkish was their mother tongue.
(iii)Chronicles narrating the events of a Mughal emperor’s reign contained, alongside the written text, images that described an event in visual form.
(iv)When scenes or themes in a book were to be given visual expression, the scribe left blank spaces on nearby pages; paintings, executed separately by artists, were inserted to accompany what was; described in words.

The nobility was the corps of officers which occupied an important pillar of the Mughal state. The nobility under Mughals was recruited from diverse ethnic and religious groups. It comprised Iranis, Turanis, Afghans, Rajputs, Deccanis. They all were given positions in the empire and were rewarded purely on the basis of their service and loyalty to the king. Different groups and classes of people from all societies were privileged to kiss the imperial threshold and find employment.

This ensured that no faction was large enough to challenge the authority of the state. It prevented any large scale uprising or threat from within its administration. The nobility occupied the highest rank in the Mughal state. Thus, there was suspicion and a tendency that it might turn against the emperor if it was composed of homogenous groups.

The agency of state was held supreme and could not be surpassed by any other group. The officer corps of the Mughals was held together by loyalty to the emperor. They only accepted the authority of the emperor and took his commands.

Although from time to time, members of different groups gained importance and high ranks. In Akbar’s imperial service, Turani and Iranian nobles were recruited. Iranians gained high offices under Jahangir. Aurangzeb appointed Rajputs to high positions. Along with them the Marathas also accounted for a sizeable number within the body of officers.

The emperor personally reviewed changes in rank, titles and official postings based on the service and loyalty to the king.

The examples:
 (i) The Sufis began to organise communities around the hospices or Khanqah controlled by a teaching master known as shaikh, pir or murshid.
(ii) Sufi silsilas began to crystallise in different parts of the Islamic world, it was through this channel that spiritual power and blessings were transmitted to devotees.

The mahanavami Dibba was the King's palace in Vijayanagara though there is no definite evidence. From the available source we can guess that it had very beautiful wooden structure with base of the platform was covered with relief carving