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It is the process to synthesize alkylhalide from alcohol using ZnCl₂.
The reaction can be written as:
Anhyd ZnCl₂
R --- OH + H---X ========>> RX + H₂O
The reactivity order of in the above reaction is : HI > HBr > HCl > HF
Reactivity order of alcohols = 3⁰ > 2⁰ > 1⁰ > MeOH
2⁰ and 3⁰ alcohols undergo SN₁ mechanism, whereas 1⁰ and MeOH undergo SN₂ mechanism. Concentrated HCl + anhy. ZnCl₂ is known as lucas reagent. In Groove's process, ZnCl₂ is used to weaken C-OH bond. In case of 3⁰ alcohol, ZnCl₂ is not required.
Example = Anhyd ZnCl₂
C₂H₅OH + HCl ===========>> C₂H₅Cl + H₂O
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Conductivity changes with the concentration of the electrolyte. The number of ions per unit volume carrying the current decreases on dilution, so conductivity always decreases with decrease in concentration. However, molar conductivity increases with dilution.
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Potassium nitrate (KNO3) is also known as Indian saltpetre.
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