Three tasks of Mr. Armstrong - as a production manager:

• Take part in strategic decisions making of the company.
• Supervise the employees in the firm whether they do their production work as per the plans laid down by the top managers.
• Designing the production process and purchasing the production equipments.
• Supervising the products and technical management are some of the tasks of the Production manager which will help him to process the plans and the policies formed by the Top management.

Employee development

HRD Minister Ramesh Nishank announced a major CBSE syllabus reduction for the new academic year 2020-21 on July 7 which was soon followed by an official notification by CBSE on the same.

Considering the loss of classroom teaching time due to the Covid-19 pandemic and lockdown, CBSE reduced the syllabus of classes 9 to 12 with the help of suggestions from NCERT.

The CBSE syllabus has been rationalized keeping intact the learning outcomes so that the core concepts of students can be retained.

Click on the respective links:

<font color="#FF6600"><font style="box-sizing: border-box;">Revised Curriculum for the Academic Year 2020-21</font></font>

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Implementing the plan This is the step where other managerial functions also come into the picture. This step is concerned with putting the plan into action, i.e. doing what is required, e.g.. if there is a plan to increase production then more labour and more machinery will be required. This step would involve organising labour and purchase of machinery.

Management as an Art

Anss: Decentralisation explains the manner in which decision making responsibilities are divided among hierarchical levels.

 Decentralisation is extending delegation to the lowest level. Decentralisation explains the manner in which decision making responsibilities are divided among hierarchical levels. Decentralisation refers to delegation of authority throughout all the levels of the organisation. Decision making authority is shared with lower levels and is consequently placed nearest to the point of action. In other words, decision making authority is pushed down the chain of command. Delegation is the process and decentralisation is the end result, e.g., If the director give the responsibility to production head to complete the target of 20,000 units and authorise him to hire the workers, production head further shares his responsibility with manager to select the worker. Manager shares his responsibility with supervisors, who are dealing with workers, authorise him to select workers. Here, the responsibility distributed at every level. That’s why we say systematic delegation leads to decentralisation.

Entrepreneurs work under the constraints of their environment – the political economy. Five factors will be key to entrepreneurial success: creativity, tolerance for risk, responsiveness to opportunities, leadership and the ability to take advantage of the rights afforded to you.

Factors:

• Market Size. One of the most important factors when evaluating a business opportunity is market size. ...
• Relationships. ...
• Ability to Manage Cash Flow. ...
• Management Skillsets. ...
• Passion and Persistence.

Taylor's technique of functional foremanship is based on the principle of Division of Work. Division of Work talks about dividing the work into small groups for ease and efficiency. When a person with the required knowledge performs a task, he will give better results than a person with no knowledge. This is where the concept of specialisation comes into the picture. A big team with no specialised personnel but a single personnel with specialisation can give better results.

1. Advertisement:

It is a method of recruitment frequently used for skilled workers, clerical and higher staff. Advertisement can be given in newspapers and professional journals. These advertisements attract applicants in large number of highly variable quality.

Preparing good advertisement is a specialised task. If a company wants to conceal its name, a ‘blind advertisement’ may be given asking the applicants to apply to Post Bag or Box Number or to some advertising agency.

b)  The important steps in the process of selection are as follows
(i) Preliminary Screening It helps the manager eliminate unqualified or unfit job seekers based on the information supplied in the application forms.
(ii) Selection Tests An employment test is a mechanism that attempts to measure certain characteristics of individuals. These range from aptitudes, such as manual dexterity, to intelligence to personality.
(iii) Employment Interview Interview is a formal, in depth conversation conducted to evaluate the applicant’s suitability for the job.
(iv) Reference and Background Checks Many employers request names, addresses and telephone numbers of references for the purpose of verifying information and gaining additional on an applicant.
(v) Selection Decision The final decision has to be made among the candidates who pass the tests, interviews and reference checks.
(vi) Medical Examination Before the candidate is given a job offer he/she is required to go through a medical test.
(vii) Job Offer Job offer is made through a letter of appointment/confirm his acceptance. Such a letter generally contains a date by which the appointee must report on duty.
(viii) Contract of Employment After the job offer has been made and candidate accepts the offer, certain documents need to be executed by the employer and the candidate. There is also a need for preparing a contract of employment. It includes job title, duties, responsibilities, date when continuous employment starts etc.

After dividing the organisation into specified departments each individual working in different department is assigned a duty matching to his skill and qualification. The work is assignment according to the ability of individuals.

Q: Various inputs resources are required by management to complete the task effectively and efficiently.Name any two
A n s w e r ;
Various Input Resources used by management are as follows:
1 .  Manpower Resources
2.   Physical, Technical Resources Etc.

Organising refers to the procedure of aligning the activities in a certain order. It contains designing the roles and directing the people towards accomplishment of goals. Human efforts along with the resources are brought together and coordinated under this function. The focus of the function lies in enabling people to work together and implementing the plans for successful attainment of objectives. Through organising the working relationships of an organisation gets clearly defined, thereby ensuring its smooth functioning. The following are the steps involved in a successful process of organising. (i) Identifying and Dividing the Work. Under organising, the very first step deals with identifying the activities and dividing them according to the defined plans. The actions are divided as per the objectives. A clear division of work is done so as to avoid any duplicity. (ii) Creating Departments. Herein, the divided actions are further grouped into units based on the similarity in nature. That is, similar activities are grouped together. Such departmentalisation promotes specialisation. Each department specialises in a particular task. Departments can be formed on the basis of several criteria such as working profiles, regions, product, etc. (iii) Assigning Duties: The third step under organising deals with assigning the roles and responsibilities to the personnel. Under each department work is allocated to different members as per their skill and ability. While assigning the duties it must be ensured that the best suited and proficient person is selected for the work. (iv) Establishing the Relationships: Any organisation needs a proper hierarchic structure to work efficiently. Every person should know whom he's working under and to whom he needs to report. Clear establishment of such relationships help in smooth functioning of an organisation. 

Organizations achieve goals through management:

Management helps with making sure that all the resources of the organization are properly used and that there is no wastage.

Management also enables the organization to achieve its set objectives

Management also enables achievement of personnel objectives

With proper, good and professional management the end result will be development and prosperity of the society

i) Clarity in working relationships: The establishment of working relationships clarifies lines of communication and specifies who is to report to whom. This removes ambiguity in transfer of information and instructions. It helps in creating a hierarchical order thereby enabling the fixation of responsibility and specification of the extent of authority to be exercised by an individual.

Planning makes the work of controlling easier. Therefore, it is considered as the base of controlling. By determining the objectives of the organisation through planning all the people working in the organisation and all the departments are informed about ‘when’, ‘what’ and ‘how’ to do things. Standards are laid down about their work, time and cost, etc. Under controlling, the actual work done is compared with the standard work and deviations are found out and if the work has not been done as desired, the person concerned is held responsible. For example, a labourer is to do 10 units of work in a day (it is a matter of planning), but actually he completes 8 units. Thus there is a negative deviation of 2 units. For this, he is held responsible. (Measurement of actual work, knowledge of deviation and holding the labourer responsible falls under controlling). Thus, in the absence of planning controlling is not possible.

Answer 

In the given case, The production department is blaming sales department for poor sales and sales department is blaming production department for delayed production.

Hence,
Coordination is missing in the organisation due to lack of coordination among departments, the organisation is incurring losses

Merits of external sources of recruitment :
(i) Qualified personnel An organisation can attract highly qualified personnel through external sources.
(ii) Wider choice External sources create a large pool of candidates to choose from, for the organisation.
(iii) Fresh talent External sources helps to bring fresh talent or new blood into the organisation.
(iv) Competitive spirit New entrants and qualified freshers creates competitive spirit and helps to improve performance.

Demerits of external sources of recruitment :
(i) Dissatisfaction among existing staff Recruitment from external sources may create dissatisfaction among the existing staff as their chances of promotion are reduced.
(ii) Lengthy process Recruitfnent from external sources involves a lot of time and efforts of the manager.
(iii) Costly process Recruitment from external sources involves a lot of expenditure on advertising, selection and other processes.

Class 12 Business Studies Nature and Significance of Management Extra Questions myCBSEguide has just released question for class 12 Business Studies. There chapter wise latest exam questions with complete solutions are available for download in <a href="https://mycbseguide.com/">myCBSEguide</a> website and the app for CBSE students. We have taken care of every single concept given in <a href="https://mycbseguide.com/course/cbse-class-12-business-studies/1727/">CBSE Class 12 Business Studies syllabus</a> and questions are framed as per the latest marking scheme and blue print issued by CBSE. There are around 4-5 set of solved important questions from each and every chapter. The students will not miss any concept in these Test papers that are specially designed to tackle CBSE class 12 exam.

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Social objective

Formal Communication:

1. ‘Formal Communication’ is the transmission of infor­mation in formal organizational structure and in specific direction.

2. The purposes of formal communication are to give orders, convey instructions and fulfill the objectives of the organisation through some pre-determined rules and regulations.

3. Letters, reports, memos, speeches, e-mail, internet, website, etc. are used in the case of formal communi­cation.

4. In the case of formal communication feedback requires some time due to completion of formal procedure.

5. Formal communication is time-consuming and costly.

6. It is official and formal in nature.

Informal Communication:

1. ‘Informal Communication’ is the communication on the basis of informal relations and understanding among the people at the same or different levels.

2. The purposes of informal communication are to build up informal relationship through personal contacts, sharing of information, etc.

3. Usually verbal channels (e.g., face-to-face conversations, telephone calls, gossip, etc.) are used in the case of informal communication.

4 . In informal communication feedback is immediate.

5. Informal communication being verbal is less costly and immediate. Of course, gossip may consume productive working hours.

6. It is unofficial and informal in nature.

(i) It Initiates Action: The employees are appointed up to the first three functions of management (planning, organising and staffing). But they cannot commence their job until they are not informed about what to do and how to do. This job manager performs through direction. Thus, it is evident that it is direction which initiates action in an organisation.

(ii) It Integrates Employees’ Efforts: Many employees work in an organisation. If any one of employees in the employees’-chain does not perform up to the mark, it adversely affects the performance of remaining employees. Thus, it is essential to establish coordination among all the activities. Manager establishes this coordination by supervising, providing good leadership, motivating and exchanging ideas with his subordinates.

(iii) It is the Means of Motivation: The objectives of an organisation can only be achieved by motivated employees. Motivated employees work with full dedication and with a feel of belongingness. Now the question is how can the employees be motivated? The work of motivating employees can be accomplished through the Directing function of management.

(iv) It Facilitates of Implementation Changes: Oftenly, employees show resistance to change in their organisational structure. But with the changing demand of time, it needs to be implemented/enforced. Managers through the medium of Direction shape the mindset of the employees in a manner that they willfully accept changes.

Human Resource Department is an integral part of any organization. Also, the Human Resource Manager (HRM) is a member of the management. Four basic functions of Human Resource Management are Planning, Directing, Controlling and Organizing. Human resource management is a central pillar of many organizations. ... In short, human resource activities fall under the following five core functions: staffing, development, compensation, safety and health, and employee and labor relations. Within each of these core functions, HR conducts a wide variety of activities.

Premises refers to the assumptions regarding the future conditions which may affect the attainment of plans. Premises provides important forecasts relating to the future which may affect the business. So the business must make strong assumptions.

For example: IBM made forecast of the 3rd generation computer system which stood as a bench mark.