Composition of the Supreme Court: There shall be a Supreme Court of India consisting of a Chief Justice and 30 other judges. (The original constitution provided for 7 other judges). The Judges of Supreme Court are appointed by the President after consultation with such Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts as he deems appropriate. While appointing a judge other than the Chief Justice, the President shall consult the Chief Justice of lndia. A Judge of Supreme Court shall hold the office until he attains the age of 65 years. Every judge of the Supreme Court shall be entitled to get as much salary as determined by the Parliament by law. At present the Chief Justice gets a salary of Rs. 100,000 per month and the other judges Rs. 90,000 per month.

• Liberty can simply be defined as the freedom of individuals. It denotes the freedom that an individual has, to speak, think and act as he or she wants to. In every country, the people should have the freedom to enjoy their lives and live them to their fullest.
• Equality is treating everyone in the same manner, according to same standards. In a fair and equal society, everyone needs to have equal opportunities and be treated equally.

Development is a process that ensures good quality of life to all the people in terms of happiness, harmony and satisfaction of essential needs. It is related to improvement, progress and aspirations of people. This definition of development would benefit all the sections of society as it shows the basic need approach. It allows more people to make meaningful choices and the pre-condition for this is the fulfilment of basic needs like food, education, health and shelter.
The previous concepts of development that were based on only economic growth have not been beneficial for poor people and environment and have resulted in a wide gap between rich and poor and imbalanced ecology. Therefore, a definition that aims towards improving the quality of people's life would justify the essence of development.

1 It is the duty of every citizen to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and National Anthem.
2. It is the duty of the citizens to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. It is the duty to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. It is the duty of every citizen to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do.
5. It is the duty to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. It is the duty of every citizen to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture.
7. It is the duty to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wild life and have compassion for living creatures.
8. It is the duty of the citizen to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. It is the duty of every citizen to safeguard public property and to adjure violence.

Constitution is indispensable in order to enhance the laws and regulations for any country. In simple words constitution means basic principles and laws of a nation or state that defines the powers and duties of the government.

Needs of constitution;

1. To define the pathway of works for the government.
2. To smooth running of government to run a society without problems and corruption.
3. To make an equality.

Aristotle (384-322 BCE) is known as the father of political science. Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who wrote on a wide range of subjects, including natural science, poetry, ethics and geology. He is called the father of political science largely because of his work entitled Politics.

Three jurisdiction powers of the Supreme Court in India are
(i) Advisory jurisdiction The Supreme Court can advice the President on any question of law or any matter of public importance.
(ii) Appellate jurisdiction The power of Supreme Court to hear and decide appeals against the judgement of lower courts.
(iii) Original jurisdiction The original jurisdiction
extends to all cases between the Government of India and the states of India or between Government of ; India and states on side and one or more states on another side

Proposal for making a law on any subject is called a Bill. Bills are of two types — Ordinary Bill and Money Bill. Ordinary Bill is that which is concerned with making of laws on matters other than money matters. The Ordinary Bills are of two types — Government Bill and Private Member’s Bill. A Government Bill is that which is introduced by a minister. A Bill which is introduced by a Member of Parliament other than a minister is a Private Member’s Bill.

The Constitution is needed for the following reasons:

1. The Constitution provides a framework within which a government has to work.
2. It controls the misuse of power by the government.
3. It minimises the chances of disputes among the various organs of the Government as it clearly defines their powers and functions.
4. It safeguards the fundamental rights of the citizens.