John Rawls, an important political thinker, has given a theory of justice to achieve a just state. he puts all individuals behind the 'veil of ignorance'. 'veil of ignorance' means that individuals are put in a position where they do not know what is their status, wealth, class, ability , talent etc. so these individuals will choose privileges which will affect them once they come out of veil of ignorance. Rawls said that these individuals are rational and will choose privileges which will help them in developing their fuller personality. so they will first choose liberty. Because if an individual has liberty then he/she will be able to achieve anything by his/her hard work. second they will want is equality of oppurtunity. that means all individuals should get the equal oppurtunity. they should not be discriminated on the basis of their caste, region, gender and religion.   
And third, they will demand is difference principle. It means that if any individual, after veil of ignorance, comes out  is disabled or unfortunate, then society should help that least advantaged person. 
This Rawl's theory of justice where rationality rather than moral thinking can lead us to have a fair and just society.

1. The lengthiest Constitution in the world : The Indian Constitution is the lengthiest and the most detailed of all the written Constitutions of the world containing 449 articles in 25 parts, 12 schedules, 5 appendices and 101 Amendments.

2. Parliamentary form of Government : The constitution of India establishes a parliamentary form of a government both at the Centre and the State. The essence of the parliamentary government is its responsibility to the Legislature. The president 
is the constitutional head of the State but the real executive power is vested in the council of ministers whose head is the Prime Minister.

3. Unique blend of rigidity and flexibility : It has been the nature of the amending process itself in federations which had led political scientists to classify federal Constitution as rigid.

4. Fundamental Rights : The incorporation of a formal declaration of Fundamental Rights in part III of the Constitution is deemed to be a distinguishing feature of a democratic 
State. These rights are prohibitions against the State. The State cannot make a law which takes away or abridges any of the rights of the citizens guaranteed in part III of Constitution.

5. Directive Principles of State policy (DPSP) : The Directive Principles of State Policy contained in Part IV of the Constitution, it set out the aims and objectives to be taken up by the States in the governance of the country.

6. A federation with strong centralising tendency : The most remarkable feature of the Indian Constitution is that being a federal Constitution it acquires a unitary character during the time of emergency. During the proclamation of emergency the normal distribution of powers between Centre and State undergoes a vital change. The union parliament is empower to legislate on any subject mentioned in the state list. The financial arrangements between the Centre and State can also be 
altered by the Union Government.

7. Adult Suffrage : The old system of communal electorates has been abolished and the uniform adult suffrage system has been adopted. Under the Indian Constitution every man and women above 18 years of age has been given the right to elect representatives for the legislature. 

Special majority is required for amending the Constitution to make the process of amendment difficult. This is done to ensure that political parties do not pass amendments arbitrarily and any proposed amendment has the support of more than half the number of members of the actual strength of the house and not simply those that are present in the house. Special majority is inclined towards building a broad support among parliamentarians on issues of amendment.

1. Inheritance : We inherited out parliamentary system from British. They had two houses - upper house that accommodated aristocracy and imminent people via appointments. And lower house that accommodated the elected representatives. We simply copy-pasted the system with a new constitution to suit Indian citizens.
2. Decentralization: Bicameral system acts a way to keep power from being concentrated in the hands of one institution. By dividing the power between two houses, it served the purpose of keeping powerplay in check.
3. To Guard Constitution : In India, the elected representatives have the will of the people behind them. Without Upper house, they could amend Constitution to their liking. The elected representatives are not always competent enough to understand the importance of constitution. Hence, Upper house was constituted to keep unbridled power of elected representatives in check and safeguard the constitution.

The term liberty is derived from the Latin word ‘Liber’. Liber means freedom. Thus liberty means freedom from restraints. It implies complete freedom to do anything as one desires.
The term liberty is associated with two other words—toleration and liberation. Toleration means to allow other men to do their duties and even if that creates disadvantage to some that should be tolerated. It is because the liberty of one is restriction to others, and vice versa. Naturally if one does not tolerate others’ actions, the people cannot have liberty. So we can say that liberty cannot be separated from toleration.

1. The members of the legislature are free to express their views and no action can be taken against any member for anything said inside the house.
2. The main purpose of this parliamentary privilege is to enable the members to work for the people effectively as well as control the executive.
3. While the Lok Sabha does provide an opportunity for elected representatives to express the expectations of their constituents, its powers are much more wide ranging.
4. The Lok Sabha holds the Union Cabinet accountable for its decisions. It has the power to make laws, control finances and amend the Constitution.

The President is indirectly elected by the people through elected members of the Parliament of India (Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha) as well as of the Legislative Assemblies in States of India (Vidhan Sabha) and serves for a term of five years.