The Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946. The idea of making the Constituent Assembly for framing the Constitution of India was devised by the Cabinet Mission Plan. The Constituent Assembly consisted of the elected representatives of varioius provinces who were eminent personalities in their own fields. Some of the members were Dr. B.R Ambedkar, Dr. Rajendra Prasad, Sarojini Naidu and Nehru. The Constituent Assembly of India held several meetings, discussions, debates and passed varioius draft resolutions to frame the Constitution of the country. Our Constitution came into force on 26 Jan, 1950.

Main Sources of Indian Constitution—

1. The Government of India Act, 1935: Indian Constitution is mainly based on the Government of India Act, 1935. This Act had accepted many of the demands of the Indian National Congress i.e., provincial autonomy, parliamentary system, federal system, federalcourt, etc. When we got freedom we were accustomed of the administrative set up under this Act and we changed the provisions of the Act according to our requirement and suitability in the new Constitution. Thus about two-thirds of Indian Constitution is derived from the Act of 1935.

2. British Constitution: Many of the provisions of the Constitution have been taken from the British Constitution. Parliamentary system is on British pattern except that in India, we have opted for a President as Head of the State, not a king. Our procedure of law making, single citizenship, single integrated judiciary are based on British Constitution. Thus British Constitution is also a big source of Indian Constitution.

3. American Constitution: Idea of Preamble to the Constitution was derived from the American Constitution. Declaration of Fundamental Rights in the Constitution, provision of Judicial Review are also derived from the American Constitution. Preamble to the Indian Constitution and the position of Indian Supreme Court, and those of American Constitution are similar.

4. Constitution of Canada: Our Federal structure is similar to that of Canada. Like Canadian Constitution, we have a more powerful centre than the states and have given residuary powers to the Central Government. Our federal system is not based on American pattern.

A Constitution is necessary because of the following reasons:

• It is an important law of the land. It determines the relationship of the citizens with the governments.
• It lays down principles and guidelines which are required for people belonging to different ethnic and religious groups to live in harmony.
• It specifies on how the Government would be elected and who will have the power and the responsibility to take important decisions.
• It outlines the limits on the power of the Government and tells us about the rights of the citizens.
• It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.

Indian constitution has borrowed a great deal of provisions from the Constitution of other countries:

a. Our political leaders were inspired from the various constitutions of the World.
b. Like they borrowed provision of bill of rights from US constitution, idea of Parliamentary form of government from the British.
c. Ideas of socialism were borrowed from Russian constitution , ideals of liberty , equality and fraternity from the French.
d. But it may be noted that all these provisions  were not blindly incorporated . They were thoroughly discussed and debated.
e. They were modified to  suit Indian conditions.

(i)Positive liberty discussions have a long tradition that can be traced to Rousseau, Hegel, Marx, Gandhi, Aurobindo, and also to those who draw their inspiration from these thinkers.

(ii)It is concerned with looking at the conditions and nature of the relationship between the individual and society and of improving these conditions such that there are fewer constraints to the development of the individual personality.

(iii)The individual is like a flower that blossoms when the soil is fertile, and the sun is gentle, and the water is adequate, and the care is regular. The individual to develop his or her capability must get the benefit of enabling positive conditions in material, political and social domains.

(iv)That is, the person must not be constrained by poverty or unemployment; they must have adequate material resources to pursue their wants and needs.

• As the voters elect their representatives directly, direct elections are considered to be a more democratic method of election.
• It educates people regarding the government activities and helps in choosing appropriate candidates. Also, it encourages people to play an active role in politics.
• It empowers people and make the rulers accountable for their actions.

Democracy is accountable and responsive to the needs and expectations of the citizens because: 
1) In a democracy people have the right to choose their representatives and the people will have control over them. 
2) Citizens have the right to participate in decision-making that affects them all. This ensures that the working of the government is transparent. 
3) Everybody expect the government to be attentive to the needs and expectations of the people. 
4) It is expected that the democratic government develops mechanisms for citizens to hold the government accountable. 
5) The opposition parties can also question and criticize the government policies. They keep a check on the ruling party and make sure that it does not misuse the power.

In India, a certain number of political position and university posts are held for specifics groups of the population, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, Other Backward Classes and Women.

There are reserved constituencies in both Parliamentary and State Assembly elections. Candidates of General category are not eligible to contest from these constituencies. All voters are to vote for one of the candidates (from Scheduled Castes or Schedule Tribes). In case of Municipal elections and other Local Bodies elections, the constituencies are known as Wards. Thus, there may be as many Wards or Constituencies as the number of elected seats in the elected body. Reserved constituencies are those constituencies in which seats are reserved for SCs and STs on the basis of their population.

In earlier History of India under British rule, separate electorate meant not only were the seats reserved for a specific community, but voting for the reserved constituency was allowed for only members of that specific community. For example, only Muslims could vote for Muslim candidates in the reserved constituencies for Muslims.

In modern politics, liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behaviour, or political views. Thus liberty entails the responsible use of freedom under the rule of law without depriving anyone else of their freedom.  Berlin described a statement such as "I am slave to no man" as one of negative liberty, that is, freedom from another individual's direct interference. He contrasted this with a Positive Freedom statement such as "I am my own master", which lays claim to a freedom to choose one's own pursuits in life. "Positive liberty... is a valid universal goal. ... Berlin defined negative liberty (as the term "liberty" was used by Thomas Hobbes) as the absence of coercion or interference with agents' possible private actions, by an exterior social-body.

On December 11, 1946, the Assembly elected Dr Rajendra Prasad as its permanent Chairman. The Constituent Assembly set up 13 committees for framing the constitution including a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar.

Proportional Representation is a system used to elect a country’s government in which parties gain seats in proportion to the number of votes cast for them.

Proportional Representation (PR) characterizes electoral systems in which divisions in an electorate are reflected proportionately in the elected body. If n% of the electorate support a particular political party as their favourite, then roughly n% of seats will be won by that party. The essence of such systems is that all votes contribute to the result—not just a plurality, or a bare majority.

The Kesavananda Bharati judgement or His Holiness Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru and Ors. v. State of Kerala and Anr. (case citation: (1973) 4 SCC 225) is a landmark decision of the Supreme Court of India that outlined the basic structure doctrine of the Constitution. Justice Hans Raj Khanna asserted through this doctrine that the constitution possesses a basic structure of constitutional principles and values. The Court partially cemented the prior precedent Golaknath v. State of Punjab, which held that constitutional amendments pursuant to Article 368 were subject to fundamental rights review, by asserting that only those amendments which tend to affect the 'basic structure of the Constitution' are subject to judicial review. At the same time, the Court also upheld the constitutionality of first provision of Article 31(c), which implied that any constitutional amendment seeking to implement the Directive Principles, which does not affect the 'Basic Structure', shall not be subjected to judicial review.The basic structure doctrine forms the basis of power of the Indian judiciary to review, and strike down, amendments to the Constitution of India enacted by the Indian parliament which conflict with or seek to alter this basic structure of the Constitution.The 13-judge Constitutional bench of the Supreme Court deliberated on the limitations, if any, of the powers of the elected representatives of the people and the nature of fundamental rights of an individual. In a sharply divided verdict, by a margin of 7-6, the court held that while the Parliament has "wide" powers, it did not have the power to destroy or emasculate the basic elements or fundamental features of the constitution.

a n s w e r 
As per the Preamble of the Constitution of India, the nature of Indian State is of a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic and republican polity.

Social equality is a state of affairs in which all people within a specific society or isolated group have the same status in possibly all respects, possibly including civil rights, freedom of speech, property rights and equal access to certain social goods and social services. Functionalist theorists believe that inequality is inevitable and desirable and plays an important function in society. Important positions in society require more training and thus should receive more rewards. Social inequality and social stratification, according to this view, lead to a meritocracy based on ability.

Duty is our performance towards others. If there is a right from society, there is the individual duty towards the society.

The term netizen is a portmanteau of the words Internet and citizen, as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen". It describes a person[4] actively involved in online communities or the Internet in general.