Differential treatment refers to instances where the principle of sovereign equality is sidelined to accommodate extraneous factors, such as divergences in levels of economic development or unequal capacities to tackle a given problem.

Indian Constitution begins with a Preamble. The Preamble serves the purpose of a window through which we peep into the intentions of the makers of the constitution. In fact, the Preamble is a summary of the objectives and basic philosophy of the constitution. The basic philosophy of the Indian Constitution is as follows:

1. People are the source of Authority: The Preamble expresses in a very clear language that people are the ultimate source of all authority. It is the people who have adopted and enacted the constitution. The constitution originates from the people of India and is promulgated in the name of the people of India.
2. Socialist State: By 42nd Amendment the word ‘Socialist’ is inserted in the Preamble of the Constitution. The government is committed to socialism.
3. Secularism: Indian Constitution is based on the philosophy of secularism. India is a Secular State. All citizens enjoy the freedom of religion and there is no official religion of the state.
4. Democratic Principles: All democratic principles are adopted in the Indian Constitution.
5. Justice: The basic philosophy of the Constitution is that all the citizens of India should get justice in every sphere of life. In the preamble, the idea of achieving social, economic and political justice for all citizens has been mentioned. To achieve social, economic, and political justice provisions have been made in the Constitution.
6. Liberty: Indian Constitution is based on the philosophy of freedom. The citizens of India have been guaranteed a number of freedoms by the Constitution. Some of the very important freedoms such as freedom of thought, freedom of expression, freedom of belief and worship, etc., are mentioned in the preamble.

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The seats are reserved for the weaker sections of the society based on their population size in reserved constituencies. The people from the weaker sections of the society, including Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes, may not have the contacts, education and other required resources to win elections.

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B.R Ambedkar. - Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar' was born on 14th April 1891 in Mhow town of Madhya Pradesh, India. He was the son of Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. His father served in the Indian Army at the Mhow cantonment. He was an Indian jurist, political leader, philosopher, anthropologist, historian, orator, economist, teacher, editor, prolific writer, revolutionary and a revivalist for Buddhism in India. He became the 1st Law Minister of India. He became the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee. For his contributions, he was awarded Bharat Ratna. Ambedkar died on 6 December 1956 at his home in Delhi.

Kautilya - Chanakya, also called Kautilya or Vishnugupta, (flourished 300 bce), Hindu statesman and philosopher who wrote a classic treatise on polity, Artha-shastra (“The Science of Material Gain”), a compilation of almost everything that had been written in India up to his time regarding artha (property, economics, or material ...

Aristotle - The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) made significant and lasting contributions to nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics. ... In Arabic philosophy, he was known simply as “The First Teacher”; in the West, he was “The Philosopher.”

B.R Ambedkar. - Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar' was born on 14th April 1891 in Mhow town of Madhya Pradesh, India. He was the son of Ramji Maloji Sakpal and Bhimabai. His father served in the Indian Army at the Mhow cantonment. He was an Indian jurist, political leader, philosopher, anthropologist, historian, orator, economist, teacher, editor, prolific writer, revolutionary and a revivalist for Buddhism in India. He became the 1st Law Minister of India. He became the Chairman of the Constitution Drafting Committee. For his contributions, he was awarded Bharat Ratna. Ambedkar died on 6 December 1956 at his home in Delhi.

Kautilya - Chanakya, also called Kautilya or Vishnugupta, (flourished 300 bce), Hindu statesman and philosopher who wrote a classic treatise on polity, Artha-shastra (“The Science of Material Gain”), a compilation of almost everything that had been written in India up to his time regarding artha (property, economics, or material.

Aristotle - The Greek philosopher Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) made significant and lasting contributions to nearly every aspect of human knowledge, from logic to biology to ethics and aesthetics. In Arabic philosophy, he was known simply as “The First Teacher”; in the West, he was “The Philosopher.”