In 1920, Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose made a study regarding the fifth state of matter. Based on his study, Albert Einstein predicted a fifth state of matter called as the Bose-Einstein Condensate.

The Bose-Einstein condensation or BEC is formed by cooling a gas of extremely low density, about one hundred thousandth of the density of normal air, to super low temperatures.

The de Broglie equation is one of the equations that is commonly used to define the wave properties of matter. It basically describes the wave nature of the electron.

Electromagnetic radiation, exhibit dual nature of a particle (having a momentum) and wave (expressed in frequency, wavelength). Microscopic particle-like electrons also proved to possess this dual nature property.

Louis de Broglie in his thesis suggested that any moving particle, whether microscopic or macroscopic will be associated with a wave character. It was called ‘Matter Waves’. He further proposed a relation between the velocity and momentum of a particle with the wavelength if the particle had to behave as a wave.

In mathematics, the Riemann hypothesis is a conjecture that the Riemann zeta function has its zeros only at the negative even integers and complex numbers with real part. Many consider it to be the most important unsolved problem in pure mathematics.  Riemann hypothesis, in number theory, hypothesis by German mathematician Bernhard Riemann concerning the location of solutions to the Riemann zeta function, which is connected to the prime number theorem and has important implications for the distribution of prime numbers.

 States of matter

• Solid: The particles, or the atoms, ions and molecules, are packed together closely. The particles are free to vibrate but are not free to move. They can only change their volume and shape when external force is applied, or when they are cut into smaller pieces,
• Liquid: They are incompressible matter in liquid form that is not dependent on pressure. They have a fixed volume, if the pressure and temperature are kept unchanged. When solid is exposed to temperatures higher than their specific melting points, they have a tendency to transform into the liquid state, subject to pressure properties.
• Gas: the particles in a gaseous state have enough kinetic energy in it so as to render the molecular forces to zero. The distance between the molecules is larger than their size itself. A liquid can be transformed to a gaseous state by heating it to the boiling point, keeping the pressure constant, or by decreasing the pressure, while keeping the boiling point constant.
• Plasma: Plasma does not have a specific shape or volume and are electrically conducive. They produce magnetic fields and currents. A gas can be transformed into plasma by two methods: difference of high voltage between 2 points, or by giving exposure to high temperature. The plasma state does not really exist in abundance on earth and hence is usually misunderstood. Examples of activities that lead to generation of plasma are neon lights, lightening, plasma TVs etc.
• Bose Einstein Condensate: it is a superfluid in gaseous state formed by atoms that are cooled to temperatures extremely close to zero.

The elastic collision formula comprises two parts, namely elastic collision formula for kinetic energy and elastic collision for momentum. 

However, Follow the Table Below to Understand What each Component in the Equation Signifies –

Therefore, the formula for elastic collision kinetic energy is – 

On the other hand, the elastic collision derivation for momentum is – 

m1 u1 + m2 u2 = m1 v1 + m2 v2

A fundamental way to make sure whether a collision is elastic or inelastic is by equating their total kinetic energy. In case it remains the same as before and after the said collision, you can label it as elastic collision. Contrarily, a shift in the total kinetic energy suggests that the category of collision is inelastic. 

However, the energy loss for inelastic collision usually dissipates into sound and heat energy. It helps in maintaining the balance of energy before and after.

Definition

Torque is when a force is applied to a particular object that results in the object moving by rotating around an axis. A force is some type of action that results in a body changing in motion or altering the path of motion.

Type of acceleration

The type of acceleration involved with torque is always angular, while the type of acceleration of force is mostly linear.

Equation

The mathematical equation that is often used to calculate torque is T = F x r x sin (theta). The mathematical equation that is often used to determine force is F = ma.

Metric unit of measurement

The Newton-meter is the metric unit of measurement that is used when calculating torque. The Newton is the metric unit used when measuring force.

English unit of measurement

The English unit of measurement which is used for torque is the foot-pound. The English unit of measurement which is used for force is the pound.

strong nuclear force= in such force the particle are kept close to each other and has short range... hence are not easy to separate easily. Its main job is to hold together the subatomic particles of the nucleus.
weak nuclear force= in such type of force the particles r kept at a large distance and has a large range... hence easy to separate them.it is the interaction that interacts on subatomic particle.

Work energy theorem states that the change in kinetic energy of an object is equal to the net work done on it by the net force.

Let us suppose that a body is initially at rest and a force is applied on the body to displace it through  along the direction of the force. Then, small amount of work done is given by

Also, according to Newton's second law of motion, we have

where a is acceleration produced (in the direction of force) on applying the force. Therefore, 

Now, work done by the force in order to increase its velocity from u (initial velocity) to v (final velocity) is given by

Hence, work done on a body by a force is equal to the change in its kinetic energy.

Linear Magnification = Height of the image / Height of the object =  -v/u

Areal Magnification = v² / u²

^{Other imp formulas:}

Snells law sin i / sin r = constant = Refractive index between two given medium

Refractive index of a medium, μ = c/v where c is the speed of light in vacuum and v is the speed in light in the medium

Lens Formula 1/f = 1/v – 1/u where, f = focal length of the lens, u = distance of object, v = distance of image.

Lens Maker’s formula 1/f=(μ – 1) (1/R1 – 1/R2) where, μ = refractive index of the material of the lens and R1 and R2 are radii of curvature of the lens

Two lenses are in contact with each other, then P = P₁ + P₂ where P, P₁, P₂ are the power of combination, power of lens 1 and power of lens 2 respectively.

Two lenses are separated by a distance d, then P = P₁ + P₂ –d P₁ P₂

The units which can neither be derived from other units nor they can be further resolved into simpler units are called fundamental units. Examples: Mass, length etc.

Those units which can be expressed in terms of the fundamental units are called derived units.  Example: speed, velocity, acceleration etc.

JEE toppers recommend studying the basics from NCERT books. With the help of NCERT solutions, the foundation of each subject in JEE can be strengthened. Also, it is easier to quickly revise basic concepts with the chapter summaries given in NCERT textbooks.

Whether NCERT books are sufficient for JEE or not has been an ongoing argument for IIT aspirants. NCERT books for JEE is just like what ingredients are to cooking. If you don’t understand the ingredients and basic cooking techniques, you cannot learn advanced cooking or solve problems.

Also, NCERT solutions for Class 11 and 12 can actually help you to earn the minimum cut-off in JEE Main. Study Inorganic Chemistry, practise Maths numerical problems or revise Physics concepts with NCERT books. NCERT solutions will help you grasp the basics of all JEE subjects.

The bottom line is that NCERT books are among the best books for JEE Main, but they are not enough as they don’t include revision of complex JEE questions. With NCERT books, you can build your foundation of the basic knowledge required for tackling advanced level problems in JEE.

“No”.

NCERT books are enough to qualify the examination but to get a good score/ rank one must refer to other books as well. Since both AIIMS MBBS and JIPMER MBBS have merged with NEET, NTA is expected to raise the bar for NEET this year. Both these examinations required extra effort and could not be cleared basis NCERT only.

Each one of the 15 lakh NEET aspirants has read NCERT books because it is the basic requirement to qualify the examination. Then how can you score enough marks to secure a position in the top 100? This is where reference books play a major role. Reference books and practice tests will give you an edge over the others.

It is important that one starts his/ her preparation with NCERT books and moves towards the reference books in the advanced stages of preparation. NEET preparation must be NCERT-focused and it must always be treated with utmost importance, but it is difficult to get great results if one relies solely on these books.