There are three basic elements in yoga: Asanas, Pranayama and Concentration

1. Asanas are poses which exercise the front, back and side of the body equally. A full range of movements such as horizontal and vertical expansion are created while performing asanas. Both the asana and the sequence of asanas are important for creating a response such as stimulating, energizing or calming the body. The asanas also improve muscle strength, mobility of the joints, circulation, and balance as well as body awareness.
2. Pranayama means control of the breath, which leads to deeper breathing thereby providing the body with more oxygen. This intensive breathing technique creates a feeling of serenity and inner peace.
3. Concentration is fundamental in yoga. The focus on the specifics of the pose and control of the breath will improve concentration.

1. Physical Purity: In mean cleanliness of internal body and in yoga we are able to purify our internal organs with different yogic / shuddhi kriyas.
2. Postural Deformities: Good Posture is imp for leading a good physical appearance and it can be maintained by yoga. If we do Yoga daily, we can prevent our body from various postural Deformities.
3. Prevention from Diseases: Through due regularity of yoga we can prevent from various disease fighting Resistance.
4. Enhancing Flexibility: If we do yoga a sans daily so we can enhance our flexibility which are very imp for leading a healthy life. It prevent us from injuries and sports and body movement become quick.
5. Mental Relaxation: Yoga is helpful for reducing mental stress everybody waits to free from anger, anxiety and emotional disturbances which is possible by the regular practice of yoga.
6. Reduce Obesity: Through the yogic exercises we can reduce obesity and make our body fit.
7. Will power & Confidence: Through meditation mind can be trained to concentrate in one direction. All the distractions are eliminated and persons get mental power.

Thyroid: Also known as Adams apple regulates metabolic activities of the human body and a disorder in the discharge of hormones can cause grave problems to the body.

Arthritis: Arthritis is a common rheumatic condition among adults aged 65 or more. These days' people of all age groups can be affected by arthritis which includes pain, stiffness and swelling in and around one or more joints. Symptoms: Pain, Stiffness, Swelling, Redness, Decreased range of motion.

Lower back pain: The most intricate part of the human body is the lower back. Long hours of desk work can cause severe problems.

Ashtanga yoga , "the eight limbs of yoga"  is Patanjali's classification of classical yoga, as set out in his Yoga Sutras. He defined the eight limbs as yama (abstinences), niyama (observances), asana (postures), pranayama (breathing), pratyahara (withdrawal), dharana (concentration), dhyana (meditation) and samadhi (absorption).

Pranayama : Prana means ‘life force’ and ayama means ‘to control’. Pranayama helps in controlling all the functions of breathing namely-inspiration, exhalation, and retention. These are breathing practices to breath in, to breath out and to be relaxed. It means these breathing exercises promote energy, awaken the mind and clean the body.

Principles of Adapted Physical Education :

1. Students with disabilities require adapted physical education activities to the limit of their capacity, to meet their physical, mental, social and emotional needs.
2. Every effort should be made to ensure that the adapted physical education programme is according to the needs and capacities of students.
3. The equipment, facilities, rules and instructions of an adapted physical education programme should be modified according to the need.
4. The adapted physical education programme should be physically as well as psychologically sound.
5. The teacher of physical education should note the anomalies, but should not try to treat the anomalies that need the attention of a medical specialist.
6. The activities of adapted physical education should be decided after close coordination with medical staff.

Techniques of physiotherapy:

1. Self-care:  An occupational therapist will help a child to perform and be independent in self-care skills like eating, dressing, toileting, bathing, and grooming.
2. Play: An occupational therapist helps children to participate and interact with others in play. They may suggest modifications in the position, mobility aids or modify toys to help a child to play.
3. School:  Occupational therapists help children to participate in and adapt to regular
   school. They may suggest aids for writing and other classroom activities to help them participate equally with other children. Children with special needs may also require special furniture to help them sit and write better.
4. Environmental modifications: Occupational therapists can suggest modifications in the house, school or playground that will help the child participate more easily. Helping the child became independent early in life, will encourage them to live independently as an adult.
5. Fine motor skills and Handwriting occupational therapists also play a role in helping a child improve their fine motor skills handwriting. They will be able to identify the specific deficits in the child and suggest activities that will help improve these skills.
6. Splinting: Occupational & therapists can also make simple splints to help the child perform activities in a better way.
7. Paedeatric treatment:  Physiotherapy can be used to treat children affected by
   ‘Muscular Dystrophy’. These and other conditions may require the child to have
   help to improve balance, strength and co-ordination.
   1. Massage and Manipulation
   2. Exercise and Movement
   3. Electrotherapy
   4. Hydrotherapy 

1. Inclusion in physical education increases social skills of students with disabilities.
2. Inclusion is needed to increase motor skills of students with disabilities.
3. A disabled student gets equal chance to participate in age-appropriate activities so, it increases the confidence level.
4. Typical students get a chance to increase friendships with disabled children.
5. Inclusive education provides an opportunity for typical students to go beyond tolerance to acceptance and advocacy.
6. Inclusive education enables a student to increase their knowledge and acceptance based on the “contact theory”. Through frequency, meaningful and pleasant interactions, changes in attitude can occur.

A special educator is someone who works with children and youths who have a variety of disabilities. The special educator has to work for academic-work i.e. educational approach and therapeutic-work i.e. medical, psychological approach in the same time. That makes him/her a specially trained teacher that is why also different from the normal teacher.

According to Special Olympics Bharat - Mission: The mission of Special Olympics is to provide year-round sports training and athletic competition in a variety of Olympic-type sports for children and adults with intellectual disabilities, giving them continuing opportunities to develop physical fitness, demonstrate courage, experience joy and participate in a sharing of gifts, skills and friendship with their families, other Special Olympics athletes and the community.

Symbol: The Paralympic symbol consists of three agitos coloured red, blue and green. The agitos are meant to symbolise movement and the colours are the three most popular colours on national flags. Moto: Spirit in Moto

Inclusion means educating students with disabilities in the regular education setting. Inclusion is the practice of make sure the participation of students with disabilities in the general education setting. It is essential for students with disabilities to take part in general physical education with age-appropriate peers. The aim of inclusion is to make available equal physical education opportunities to learners with disabilities in regular schools, and to make easy their achievement and retention.

ORGANISATION PROMOTING ADAPTIVE SPORTS (SPECIAL OLYMPIC BHARAT, PARALYMPICS AND DEAFLYMPICS) In 1987 the Special Olympics program came into existence in India with the set up of Special Olympics India in Mumbai, Maharashtra. By the time it shifted to Bangalore in 2001 it showed signs of stagnation. Sports program for persons with Intellectual Disabilities in India. Special Olympics Bharat was shaped and registered in 2001 under the Indian Trust Act 1882. By 2004, 28,652 Athletes and 1860 Coaches from 22 States were registered in the Special Olympics Bharat programme maintains by the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment. In 19 January 2006 Special Olympic Bharat was recognized as a National Sports Federation by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports and was promoting to the Priority Category on 8th April 2006. The MYAS scheme enabled us to implement the Special Olympics Program across all the States and Union Territories of India.

400m Running Track

400m Running Tracks are specialized all-weather rubberized running surfaces used for an assortment of Track and Field competitions. With lanes designed to be 400m in length from start to finish, 400m Running Tracks are the most commonly used track size that can easily accommodate for competitive sprint lengths of 100m, 200m, and 400m. 400m Running Tracks have an inner radius of 119’9” | 36.5 m, an overall length of 580’5” | 176.91 m, width of 303’6” | 92.5 m, and area of 157,092 ft2 | 14,594 m2. All running tracks have lane widths of 4’ | 1.22 m.

Computation of BMI

BMI is the Body Mass Index that measure the fat and weight of a person.

There is a formula of BMI that measure body mass.

It can be measure by a person height and weight.

There are some people Body Mass Index

Heights in Cm

BMI: Height: 150, Weight : 50 than BMI will be 22.2

                    165                 55                            20.4