1984

S.A.I. (Sports Authority of India): S.A.I. was , established in 1984 as a registered society. It strives to promote sports and develop excellence by upgrading the skills of Indian sportspersons. S.A.I. ensures the effective and optimum utilization of various sports facilities and is concerned with sports promotion and management

Physical education is a course taught in school that focuses on developing physical fitness and the ability to perform and enjoy day-to-day physical activities with ease. Kids also develop skills necessary to participate in a wide range of activities, such as soccer, basketball, or swimming.

Aims and objectives of Physical Education:

(i) To develop the organic systems of the body;

(ii) To develop euro-muscular co-ordination or skill;

(iii) To develop right attitude towards and physical activities in general;

(iv) To develop a desirable social attitudes and conduct;

(v) Development of psychomotor skills;

(vi) Development of understanding and appreciation of the techniques and strategies of sports;

(vii) Preparation for leisure time;

(viii) Elimination of worries and anxieties through deve­loping appropriate interests and habits of engaging in exercise and sports;

(iv) Attainment of knowledge of proper health procedure as related to physical exercise.

(x) To develop correct health habits;

(xi) To serve as an out let for surplus energy, which if pent up, make the child tens, nervous and irritable.

(xii) To meet the challenge of growing indiscipline among the student community by instilling in the younger generation a sense of patriotism, self-reliance and discipline.

(xiii) To give adequate scope for bringing out the aptitu­des and talents of the child.

(xiv) To promote the spirit of certain qualities like sports-man ship, team spirit, leadership, patience, self-restrain co-operation, sociability and those other qualities of character and citizenship.

Ectomorphs are characterized as having long, slim, and thin muscles/limbs and low fat storage. Ectomorphs are not predisposed to store fat nor build muscle.

These are the “hardgainers” that can’t gain weight even when they “eat so much.”

1. Skinny.

2.Small joints/ boned.

3. Long arms and legs.

4. Linear physique – “ruler body shape”

5. Small shoulders.

6. Lightly muscled.

7. Small chest and buttocks.

8. Low body fat

Many course available in india':-1)Diploma in yoga 2)Diploma in physical education 3)Diploma in yoga teacher training 4)Post Graduate Diploma in yoga 5)Post Graduate Diploma in physical education .

Various physical education cources available in India:

(1)Bachelor's Degree
¤ BA (Physical Education)
¤ BA (Yoga)
¤ B Ed (Physical Education)
.........

(2) Diploma Courses
¤ Diploma in yoga teacher training
¤ Diploma in physical education
¤ Diploma in yoga
.........

(3) Certificate Couses
¤ Certificate course in Aerobics
¤ Certificate course in Yoga
science
¤ Certificate course in Yoga
........
(4) Master's Degree
¤ M A (Yoga)
¤ M P Ed
¤ Ph D (Physical Education)

Ectomorph

Predominately linear.

Poor capacity for large muscle size, their necks and forearms tend to be longer.

Thinner bones than average. Light on the scale.

May feel hungry often but total caloric intake for any given meal is not that high due to smaller surface area of the digestive system.

May (but not always) tend to have a lower blood pressure than the other 2 body types.

Energy reserves for high-intensity anaerobic work is low, may excel a little better with endurance activities vs short bursts of power.

Very light sleepers, it doesn’t take much to wake them from sleep.

Fast metabolism.

Endomorph

Predominately width.

Moderate to large capacity for muscle size, their necks (if visible) tend to be shorter and their heads large.

Shorter bones than average. Heavier on the scale.

Usually look their biological age or perhaps older. Thick skin. Some endomorphs are prone to perspire very easily and usually love air conditioners :)

Appetite can vary but due to their digestive system being dominant they can accommodate a large amount of calories at a time.

If they are carrying too much fat for their height it may put them at risk for hypertension and cardiovascular events.

They excel at sports where short bursts of power are needed. They also (untrained) tend to be stronger than average.

They tend to sleep well and usually never suffer from insomnia.

Slower metabolism.

 Leadership is the ability to intentionally provide positive influence on the lives and behaviours of others. The leader should possess qualities that are sought for and admired by followers. A leader must initiate an activity, under the groups needs, and carry the acitivty to completion.

The leadership quality in physical education is as below:

1. Energetic 

2. Friendliness and Affection 

3. Decisiveness 

4. Technically skilled 

5. Intelligent 

6. Teaching skill 

7. Creative 

8. Interest in research 

9. Good health 

10.Dedication and Determination 

11.High motor capacity 

12.Respect for other People 

13.Social 

14.Logical and Decision-maker 

15.Morality and Loyalty 

16.Good communicator.

These are the objectives of the central advisory board of physical education and recreation :

• To introduce physical education as compulsory subjects in schools.
• To suggest all the educational institutions of the country in preparing syllabus.
• To suggest the qualification for the selection process and training of the physical education teachers.
• To introduce physical education at elementary middle, high school and university level and prepare course-content accordingly.

The Role of the Board are as follows :

• The board suggests bold steps for physical education and prepares syllabus for the certificate and diploma courses to the Govt. of India.
• To suggest - different physical training methods for the boys and the girls to the centre.
• The union education ministry started scholarship in 1958 in the fields of leadership training, research etc.
• The union education ministry started giving monetary help to the organizations running programmes related to national physical efficiency test after 1958.
• Many steps were taken to run the physical education programes successfully at state level.
• Many steps were initiated to write, publish, encourage and popularise physical education.
• On board’s suggestion, the central govt. has started many programmes related to national health core in different educational institutions of India.

The Femur or thigh bone is the largest and heaviest bone in the human body. At the proximal end of Femur, there is a rounded prominence which is called as the Head of the Femur.

• It is the largest, longest, and strongest bone in the human body.
• The femur runs from the keen to the hip. It carries all the upper body weight.
• The other parts of the leg are tibia, femur, fibula, and keep cap also known as patella.

Importance of wellness:

• It helps in the improvement and toning up the muscle.
•  It reduces the recovery time after injury or illness.
•  It helps in fulfilling proper nutritional requirements.
• It helps in better management of stress and tension.
• Regulates and improves overall body function.

The body composition means the amount of the fat-free body weight. It is well known that a high percentage of body fat in relation to the total body weight is harmful and may lead to obesity from the health point of view, the normal percentage of body fat for young men and women should not exceed 15 and 25 percentage. It means that for health-related fitness an individual should have ideal body weight and fat percentage.

The Body Mass Index is also known as Qetelet Index because it was invented by Adolphe Quetelet. In fact, it is a statistical measurement which compares an individual’s weight and height. Although/ it does not actually measure the percentage of body fat, yet is very useful tool to estimate a healthy body weight based on how tall an individual is. Indeed it is the most widely used tool to indentify the weight problem. BMI is very easy to measure and evaluate. With the help of BMI one can come to know whether one is under weight, normal weight, over weight or in classes of obesity. BMI can be defined as the individual’s body weight divided by the square of his height i.e.,

BMI can be determined using BMI chart. It’s value is measured in Kg/m2.
Now with the help of WHO (World Health Organization) criteria for under weight and obesity, an individual may come to know that he belongs to category of under weight, normal weight, over weight in the categories of obesity. The categories are:

The Olympic motto is the hendiatris Citius, Altius, Fortius, which is Latin for "faster, higher, stronger". It was proposed by Pierre de Coubertin upon the creation of the International Olympic Committee in 1894.

Olympic flag was created in 1913 by Baronde Coubertin. It was first inaugurated in Paris in June 1914. Olympic flag is made of white silk and contains five interlocking rings/circles in five colours representing five continents of the world namely America, Europe, Australia, Asia and Africa. The five rings have different colours namely yellow, green red blue and black. The interlocking of the ring circle symbolizes co-cooperation and friendship.

Health status indicators measure different aspects of the health of a population. Examples include life expectancy, infant mortality, disability or chronic disease rates. • Health determinant indicators measure things that influence health. Examples include diet, smoking, water quality, income and access to health services

Life style: A way of life or style of living that reflects the attitude and values of a person or group

a ns w e r 
L i f e   s t  y l e: A way of life or style of living that reflects the attitude and values of a person or group

Meaning of Anthropometric measurement-

Anthropometric measurements means measurements of height, weight, arm, leg length, waist circumference and skin folds etc.

HEIGHT: Height of an individual must be measured using a stadiometer to the nearest half of a centimeter.

Weight: Correct weighing machine should be used and measurement must be recorded to the nearest 0.1 kg.

Arm length: Measurement should be done from the bony tip of the shoulder to the tip of the little finger.

Upper arm length: To measure the upper length the arm should be bent 90 degree at the elbow with palm facing upwards.

Leg length: It can be measured by using a flexible steel tape from the outside edge of Centre of the foot to the upper edge of the greater trochanter.

Upper leg length: Bend the knee at 90 degree angle & sit up straight. Measure the upper leg length from inguinal crease to the proximal border of patella to the nearest of 0.1 centimeters.

Khelo India Programme is a national yojana/scheme for the development of sports in India. It was launched in the year 2018 by the then Sports Minister Col. Rajyavardhan Singh Rathore in Delhi. This program has been launched to improve the sports culture in India.

Aimed at mainstreaming sports as a tool for national development, economic development, community development and individual development, the Union Cabinet approved the execution of the revamped ‘Khelo India’ program by consolidating the ‘Rajiv Gandhi Khel Abhiyan’ (formerly called the ‘Yuva Krida & Khel Abhiyan’), the ‘Urban Sports Infrastructure Scheme’ and the National Sports Talent Search System Programme’. The program strives to promote “Sports for Excellence” as well as “Sports for All”.

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1. Inclusion in physical education increases social skills of students with disabilities.
2. Inclusion is needed to increase motor skills of students with disabilities.
3. A disabled student gets equal chance to participate in age-appropriate activities so, it increases the confidence level.
4. Typical students get a chance to increase friendships with disabled children.
5. Inclusive education provides an opportunity for typical students to go beyond tolerance to acceptance and advocacy.
6. Inclusive education enables a student to increase their knowledge and acceptance based on the “contact theory”. Through frequency, meaningful and pleasant interactions, changes in attitude can occur.