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Akhand Pratap (Krishna) Tik Tok~Mr_Akhand_07 6 years, 4 months ago
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Posted by Sakshi Goenka? 6 years, 4 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
- Viruses did not find a place in classification since they are not truly ‘living’.
- The viruses are non-cellular organisms that are characterised by having an inert crystalline structure outside the living cell.
- Once they infect a cell they take over the machinery of the host cell to replicate themselves, killing the host.
- Virus means venom or poisonous fluid, this name was given by Pasteur. D.J. Ivanowsky (1892).
- M.W. Beijerinek (1898) demonstrated that the extract of the infected plants of tobacco could cause infection in healthy plants and called the fluid as Contagium vivum fluidum (infectious living fluid).
- W.M. Stanley (1935) showed that viruses could be crystallised and crystals consist largely of proteins.
- Viruses are nucleoproteins containing a nucleic acid (RNA/DNA) may be single stranded or double stranded surrounded by a protein coat called capsid made up of smaller units called capsomeres which are arranged in helical forms.
Posted by Mariya Peter 6 years, 4 months ago
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Sia ? 6 years, 4 months ago
Because they consist of large number of α-amino acids that are linked together into a long chain by means of peptide linkages.
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Akhand Pratap (Krishna) Tik Tok~Mr_Akhand_07 6 years, 4 months ago
Posted by Dip Rajurkar 6 years, 4 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The word Kranz means “wreath” or “ring”. Kranz anatomy is a specialized structure in C4 plants where the mesophyll cells are clustered around the bundle-sheath cells in a ring-like fashion. The number of chloroplasts in the bundle-sheath cells is more than that in the mesophyll cells. The anatomy wherein there are large, bundle sheath cells around the vascular bundles of C4 pathway plants. The bundle sheath cells form several cells around the vascular bundles. They have a large number of chloroplasts. They have thick walls that are impervious to gaseous exchange. The primary function of Kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which CO2 can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration.
Posted by Harshit Nautiyal 6 years, 4 months ago
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Shivay Brahmåñ 6 years, 4 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
The particularly large cells around the vascular bundles of the C4 pathway plants are called bundle sheath cells, and the leaves which have such anatomy are said to have 'Kranz' anatomy. Kranz' means 'wreath' and is a reflection of the arrangement of cells. The primary function of Kranz anatomy is to provide a site in which CO2 can be concentrated around RuBisCO, thereby avoiding photorespiration.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
A red tide is caused by an increase in the population of toxic algae. ... A red tide occurs when the population of certain kinds of algae known as dinoflagellates explodes, creating what's called an "algal bloom." Scientists sometimes refer to red tides as harmful algal blooms or HABs. Red tide is a phenomenon caused by algal blooms (Wikipedia definition) during which algae become so numerous that they discolor coastal waters (hence the name "red tide"). The algal bloom may also deplete oxygen in the waters and/or release toxins that may cause illness in humans and other animals.
Posted by Akhand Pratap (Krishna) Tik Tok~Mr_Akhand_07 6 years, 4 months ago
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Akhand Pratap (Krishna) Tik Tok~Mr_Akhand_07 6 years, 4 months ago
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Posted by Ayush Singh 6 years, 4 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 4 months ago
Estrogen is also produced by fat cells and the adrenal gland. Estrogen, or oestrogen, is the primary female *** hormone. It is responsible for the development and regulation of the female reproductive system and secondary *** characteristics.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 4 months ago
The gram-positive bacteria retain the crystal violet colour and stains purple whereas the gram-negative bacteria lose crystal violet and stain red. Thus, the two types of bacteria are distinguished by gram staining.
Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant against antibodies because their cell wall is impenetrable.
Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria are categorized on the basis of the ability to hold the gram stain. The gram-negative bacteria are stained by a counterstain such as safranin and they are destained because of the alcohol wash. Hence under a microscope, they are noticeably pink in colour. Gram-positive bacteria, on the other hand, retains the gram stain and show a visible violet colour upon the application of mordant(iodine) and ethanol(alcohol).
Gram-positive bacteria have a cell wall composed of multiple layers of peptidoglycan that forms a rigid and thick structure. Its cell wall additionally has teichoic acids and phosphate. The teichoic acids present in the gram-positive bacteria are of two types – the lipoteichoic acid and the teichoic wall acid. The cell wall is known as murein.
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#Aditi~ Angel???? 6 years, 4 months ago
1Thank You