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Ask QuestionPosted by Prashant Sharma 4 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 3 months ago
In botany, secondary growth is the growth that results from cell division in the cambia or lateral meristems and that causes the stems and roots to thicken, while primary growth is growth that occurs as a result of cell division at the tips of stems and roots, causing them to elongate, and gives rise to primary tissue. Secondary growth occurs in many roots and usually results in the thickening of the root diameter by the addition of vascular tissue. Initiation of secondary growth occurs when cells in the residual procambium and parts of the pericyle begin to make periclinal divisions. Primary growth produces growth in length and development of lateral appendages. Secondary growth is the formation of secondary tissues from lateral meristems. ... Secondary growth occurs in perennial gymnosperms and dicots such as trees and shrubs. It is also found in the woody stems of some herbs.
Posted by Suddu Pokhrel 4 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 3 months ago
Prophase 1 is essentially the crossing over and recombination of genetic material between non sister chromatids - this results in the genetically unidentical, haploid daughter chromatid cells. Prophase I is divided into five phases: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis.
Chromosomes become visible, crossing-over occurs, the nucleolus disappears, the meiotic spindle forms, and the nuclear envelope disappears. At the start of prophase I, the chromosomes have already duplicated. During prophase I, they coil and become shorter and thicker and visible under the light microscope.
Prophase is the first stage of mitosis. In prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible. spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes.
In prometaphase,
- chromosomes continue to condense.
- kinetochores appear at the centromeres.
- mitotic spindle microtubules attach to kinetochores.
- centrosomes move toward opposite poles.
Posted by Ritika Gupta 4 years, 8 months ago
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Farhat Shaikh Shaikh 4 years, 8 months ago
Posted by Ritika Gupta 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
Casparian strips are found in the endodermal cell walls of plant roots. It prevents water movement from returning to the cortex from pericycle, consequently a positive hydrostatic pressure is established in vascular tissue.
Posted by Kaif Sid 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
In all mammals, the salivary glands functions as an exocrine gland, which produces saliva through a system of ducts. Among all other mammals, humans have hundreds of salivary glands and are present within the mouth. The basic secretion units of salivary glands are called acini and are composed of clusters of cells.
Posted by Princi Pandya 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Aarti Vishvkarma 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
The movement of water from the soil to the xylem of the root is called absorption of water. For water absorption from soil through root, the roots must be metabolically active, respiring aerobically and continuously growing
Posted by Shruti Taneja 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
During skeletal muscle contraction, the thick filament slides over the thin filament by a repeated binding and releases of myosin head along the filament. This whole process occurs in a sequential manner.
Step 1: Muscle contraction is initiated by signals that travel along the axon and reach the neuromuscular junction or motor end plate. Neuromuscular junction is a junction between a neuron and the sarcolemma of the muscle fibre. As a result, Acetylcholine (a neurotransmitter) is released into the synaptic cleft by generating an action potential in sarcolemma.
Step 2: The generation of this action potential releases calcium ions from the sarcoplasmic reticulum in the sarcoplasm.
Posted by Piyush Loonker 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
Paurometabolous : this development takes place gradually. The nymph stage resembles adult but have wing buds. They stay in the same place with adults and eat the same food. Different type of bugs is the example of this type of development.
Posted by Vikas Dhavale 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Prince Prajapati 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Navjot Kaur 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Vikas Dhavale 4 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 3 months ago
Prophase 1 is essentially the crossing over and recombination of genetic material between non sister chromatids - this results in the genetically unidentical, haploid daughter chromatid cells. Prophase I is divided into five phases: leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis.
Chromosomes become visible, crossing-over occurs, the nucleolus disappears, the meiotic spindle forms, and the nuclear envelope disappears. At the start of prophase I, the chromosomes have already duplicated. During prophase I, they coil and become shorter and thicker and visible under the light microscope.
Prophase is the first stage of mitosis. In prophase, chromosomes condense and become visible. spindle fibers emerge from the centrosomes.
Posted by Prince Prajapati 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Tannu Madaan 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Shivang Singh 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
Hydrotropism is a stimulus directed movement of the plants towards the environmental moisture.
To demonstrate this phenomenon we can do the following experiment:
1) First take a plastic tub with some depth.
2)Fill the tub with soft and dry mud.
3)Then plant a sapling in the tub's right edge.
4) Sprinkle water in the tub's left portion's mud for few weeks.
5)Then take out the sapling from the mud.
6) The roots of that sapling are bended towards the left direction where we sprinkled water.
Posted by Vanshaayu Prajapati 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Prakash Kumar Sahu 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Shyam Pathak 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Sumi Layek 4 years, 8 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 4 years, 8 months ago
- The term glycolysis has originated from the Greek words, glycos for sugar, and lysis for splitting.
- The scheme of glycolysis was given by Gustav Embden, Otto Meyerhof, and J. Parnas, and is often referred to as the EMP pathway.
- Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of the cell and it is the only process in anaerobic organisms.
- Glycolysis is the process in which glucose, derived from sucrose, undergoes partial oxidation to form two molecules of pyruvic acid.
- Glucose and fructose are phosphorylated to give rise to glucose-6- phosphate by the activity of the enzyme hexokinase.
Posted by Vanshaayu Prajapati 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Mansha Negi 4 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 8 months ago
The body of the cockroach is divided into:
Head
Thorax
Abdomen
Head
It bears a pair of compound eyes and two long antennae arising from their head. The mouth is present on the anterior part which bears a pair of mandibles, a pair of maxillae and labium. A median flexible lobe acts as the tongue.
Thorax
The thorax is divided into three parts- Prothorax, Mesothorax, and Metathorax. The head and thorax are connected by a short extension of the prothorax known as the neck. The mesothorax gives rise to the first pair of wings, while the second pair of wings arises from the metathorax. The thorax region also bears a pair of legs. It also consists of forewings called tegmina.
Abdomen
The abdomen of a cockroach is divided into 10 segments. The 7th sternum, along with the 8th and 9th sterna bears a broad genital pouch. The 10th segment contains a pair of joint filamentous structure called **** cerci.
Anatomy
Digestive System
It has a long and coiled alimentary canal divided into- foregut, midgut, and hindgut.
Foregut- It is also known as stomadaeum and is divided into buccal chamber, pharynx, oesophagus, crop, and gizzard.
Midgut- It is also known as mesenteron or ventriculus. It is short, tubular and lined with glandular endoderm. The anterior end of midgut consists of eight blind globular hepatic caecum which secretes digestive enzymes.
Hindgut- It is also known as proctodaeum. It consists of ileum, colon, rectum.
Nervous System
The nervous system of a cockroach is divided into- central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and sympathetic nervous system.
The central nervous system consists of the brain.
The peripheral nervous system consists of nerves.
The sympathetic nervous system consists of a frontal ganglion.
Respiratory System
The respiration in cockroaches occurs through the trachea present on the lateral side of the body. It opens through 10 pairs of small holes called spiracles.
The trachea is sub-divided into tracheoles that carry oxygen from outside to different parts of the body.
Excretory System
The metabolic waste is excreted by ciliated and glandular Malpighian tubules. The waste is excreted in the form of uric acid.
Circulatory System
The cockroach has an open circulatory system. The blood flows through the body cavity. The circulatory system consists of a heart, anterior aorta, and a system of ill-defined blood spaces known as sinuses.
Sensory Structures
Thigmoreceptors: They are receptors of touch and are present onbody, antennae, maxillary palps, and legs.
Olfactory Receptors: They are present on antennae and palps and sense various smells.
Gustatory Receptors: They are present on the maxilla and labial palps and can sense various tastes.
Thermoreceptors: These are present on the pads between the first four tarsals and can sense changes in temperature.
Auditory Receptors: They are present on the **** cerci and respond to air and earth borne vibrations.
Reproductive System
The male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes present in the 4th and 6th segments of the abdomen laterally. The sperms are stored in the seminal vesicles and are glued together to form spermatophores.
The female reproductive system consists of two ovaries in the 2nd and 6th segment of the abdomen.
Oviducts of each ovary unite to form a single median oviduct.
Posted by Nisha Yadav 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Àñúj Kūmãr 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Vanshaayu Prajapati 4 years, 5 months ago
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Posted by Ravi Chandran 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Vikas Dhavale 4 years, 8 months ago
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Posted by Tanisha Chaudhary 4 years, 8 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 4 years, 7 months ago
When a single lamina is connected to the main stem by a petiole, the leaf is said to be simple. A simple leaf may be incised to any depth but not down to the midrib or petiole. Eg., Guava leaves.
In a palmately compound leaf, the leaflets are attached at the tip of the petiole. Silk, cotton.
In a pinnately compound leaf, the midrib of the leaf is divided into numerous leaflets and all connected by a common axis. Eg., Neem.
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