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How can the nutrients required of a plant be determined

Posted by Anuradha Singh 4 years, 9 months ago

1 answers

Meghna Thapar 4 years, 8 months ago

Plant nutrition is the study of the chemical elements and compounds necessary for plant growth, plant metabolism and their external supply. In its absence the plant is unable to complete a normal life cycle, or that the element is part of some essential plant constituent or metabolite. This is in accordance with Justus von Liebig's law of the minimum. The total essential plant nutrients include seventeen different elements: carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which are absorbed from the air, whereas other nutrients including nitrogen are typically obtained from the soil (exceptions include some parasitic or carnivorous plants).

Plants must obtain the following mineral nutrients from their growing medium:-

the macronutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H)
the micronutrients (or trace minerals): iron (Fe), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)
These elements stay beneath soil as salts, so plants consume these elements as ions. The macronutrients are consumed in larger quantities; hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and carbon contribute to over 95% of a plant's entire biomass on a dry matter weight basis. Micronutrients are present in plant tissue in quantities measured in parts per million, ranging from 0.1 to 200 ppm, or less than 0.02% dry weight.

Hormone	Endocrine gland	Functions
Growth hormone	Pituitary	Regulates growth and development of body.
Thyroxin	Thyroid gland	Controls carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism.
Adrenaline	Adrenal gland	Prepares the body to deal with emergency situations.
Insulin	Pancreas	Regulates blood sugar levels.
Testosterone	Testis	Causes development of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics in males.
Oestrogen	Ovary	Causes development of sexual organs and secondary sexual characteristics in females.

• Get their name from their smooth appearance under a microscope.
• Arranged in bundles of muscle fibre sheets.
• Contract involuntarily. Regulated by autonomic part of nervous system.
• Found in walls of hollow structures, including veins, arteries, and intestines.
• Maintain flow of fluid and food along hollow structures.
• Found in hair erectors, pupils, gland ducts, esophagus, bronchi, intestines, stomach, and blood vessels.
• Contract slowly and rhythmically.
<div>• Fatigue slowly.</div>

• Found only in heart and at cardiac ends of main blood vessels.
• Contract involuntarily.
• Striated when viewed under a microscope.
• Do not fatigue.
• Contract rhythmically.
• Controlled by central nervous system, but can contract without signals due to "pacemaker" cells.
• Contain high count of mitochondria and myoglobin.
• Have good blood supply.

• Are directly attached to the skeleton by tendons.
• Aid in movement and locomotion.
• Are voluntarily activated.
• Appear striped under a microscope. Also called "striated" muscle.
• Fatigue more quickly than smooth or cardiac muscles.
• Are able to stretch and resume original shape.
• Striated appearance comes from formation of actin and myosin muscle fibres.
• Are capable of powerful contractions and, just as adequately, small contractions for delicate movement requiring precision.
• Stimulated by the nervous system's motor neurons.
• Well-supplied with nerves and blood vessels.

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