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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 9 months ago
| Prokaryotes | Eukaryotes | |
| Cell and cell size | Always unicellular and the size lies in between 0.2- 2.0 micrometers in diameter | Mostly multi-cellular and the size lies in between 10 – 100 mm in diameter |
| Cell wall | Usually present; chemically complex in nature | When present, chemically simple in nature |
| Nucleus | Is absent | Is present |
| Ribosomes | These cells consist of ribosomes which are smaller in size and circular in shape when compared to the cells of eukaryotes. | The ribosomes of eukaryotes are larger in size and are linear in shape. |
| DNA arrangement | Circular in shape | Linear in shape |
| Mitochondria | Is absent | Is present |
| Cytoplasm | The cytoplasm in prokaryotes does not contain the endoplasmic reticulum | In this, the cytoplasm has the endoplasmic reticulum |
| Plasmids | Present in prokaryotes | Very rarely found in eukaryotes |
| Ribosome | small ribosomes. | large ribosomes. |
Posted by Golu Sharma 6 years, 9 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Air bladder in Pisces regulates buoyancy and helps in floating in the water. It prevents them from sinking,
(ii) Air bladder is present in members of the class Osteichthyes.
(iii) Animals of the class Chondrichthyes do not have air bladder and in the absence of air bladder, the animals have to,swim constantly to avoid sinking.
Posted by R Madan 6 years, 9 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane with an empty intermediate space in between. Inside the chloroplast are stacks of thylakoids, called grana, as well as stroma, the dense fluid inside of the chloroplast. These thylakoids contain the chlorophyll that is necessary for the plant to go through photosynthesis. Two membranes contain and protect the inner parts of the chloroplast. They are appropriately named the outer and inner membranes. The inner membrane surrounds the stroma and the grana (stacks of thylakoids). One thylakoid stack is called a granum.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
Leguminous plants have root nodules which provide shelter to a bacteria called Rhizobium. It is very important bacteria for the plant as it converts atmospheric nitrogen into usable form called nitrates so that plants will be able to make proteins for their growth. These plants have a symbiotic association with the soil bacteria called the Rhizobium, that live in their roots, forming root nodules and fix atmospheric nitrogen into the nitrates and nitrites for the plants and in turn, the plants provide the nutrition to the bacteria.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 9 months ago
Sarcomere is the portion of the myofibril between two successive ‘Z’ lines and is considered to be the functional unit of contraction.
Posted by Mahima Chouhan 6 years, 9 months ago
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Apurwa Shyam 6 years, 9 months ago
Gaurav Seth 6 years, 9 months ago
According to the definition, Locomotion is the displacement of the entire body whereas Movement is defined as the temporary or permanent displacement of either the entire body or a specific part of the body.
Consider the following examples:
1) You travel a distance of 2 KM to reach your school: This is Locomotion.
2) Plants like sunflower move from their mean position with respect to sunlight without changing their mean position: This is movement (more specifically, phototropic movement).
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Ibthisam I ?? Save Farmers 6 years, 9 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
Energy is also released during the reaction. The enzyme speeds up the reaction by lowering the activation energy needed for the reaction to start. Compare the activation energy with and without the enzyme. Enzymes generally lower activation energy by reducing the energy needed for reactants to come together and react. Enzymes are biological catalysts. Catalysts lower the activation energy for reactions. The lower the activation energy for a reaction, the faster the rate. Thus enzymes speed up reactions by lowering activation energy.
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 9 months ago
Polytene chromosomes are large chromosomes which have thousands of DNA strands. They provide a high level of function in certain tissues such as salivary glands. They are produced when repeated rounds of DNA replication without cell division forms a giant chromosome. Thus polytene chromosomes form when multiple rounds of replication produce many sister chromatids which stay fused together.
Posted by Yash Bhardwaj 6 years, 9 months ago
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 6 months ago
A polar body is a small haploid cell that is formed concomitantly as an egg cell during oogenesis, but generally does not have the ability to be fertilized. When certain diploid cells in animals undergo cytokinesis after meiosis to produce egg cells, they sometimes divide unevenly. Polar bodies form because the egg cell (oocyte) does not divide evenly. This is the type of cell division that results in haploid cells. The cell with more cytoplasm becomes a mature ovum while the polar body usually dissolves. The primary polar body also undergoes meiosis 2 and makes two secondary polar bodies.
Posted by Yash Bhardwaj 6 years, 9 months ago
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Yogita Ingle 6 years, 9 months ago
Megasporophyll is a leaflike structure that bears the megasporangia. In angiosperms and gymnosperms it is represented by the carpel and ovuliferous scale respectively. Microsporophyll is a modified leaf that bears the microsporangia. In angiosperms and gymnosperms it is represented by the stamens and male scales respectively.
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Meghna Thapar 5 years, 4 months ago
The atrioventricular (AV) node is present in the right atrium, near the base of the inter- auricular septum that separates the right auricle from the ventricle. It gives rise to the bundle of His that conducts the cardiac impulses from the auricles to the ventricles. As the bundle of His passes the ventricle along the inter-ventricular septum, it divides into two branches – the right ventricle and the left ventricle. The end branches of this conducting system then forms a network of Purkinje fibres that penetrate into the myocardium. The auricular contraction initiated by the wave of excitation from the sino- atrial node (SA node) stimulates the atrio-ventricular node, thereby leading to the contraction of ventricles through the bundle of His and Purkinje fibres. Hence, the atrio- ventricular node and the atrioventricular bundle play a role in the contraction of ventricles.
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