(i) MNCs is not only selling its finished products globally, but more important, the goods and services are produced globally.
 (ii) The production process is divided into small parts and spread out across the global.
(iii) The result of greater foreign investment and greater foreign trade has been greater integration of production and markets across countries.
(iv) More and more goods and services, investments and technology are moving between countries.
 (v) The technology has made much faster delivery of goods across long distances possible at lower costs.

Democratic governments face the challenge of expansion. The basic principle of a democratic government has to be established across all the regions, different social groups and various institutions. Greater power should be delegated to local governments. Federal principles have to be extended to all the units of the federation. Women and minority groups should be included in decision making. Strengthening of the institutions and practices of democracy should happen so that people can realise their expectations of democracy.
Different societies have different expectations from different democracies.So, each country has to deal in a unique way to face the challenge, people in that particular country face. If this is to be done peoples’ participation is necessary and the control and influence of the rich and powerful people have to be toned down.

Air transport is more popular in North-Eastern India because
(i) Big and wide rivers are present there, due to which rail or road bridges over them are difficult and costly to construct. These rivers also get flooded frequency, due to which surface communication links are damaged.
(ii) This area has dissected relief features, preventing durable construction of rail and road links.
(iii) Dense forests in this region create many difficulties in construction of railway lines and roads.

Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development has continued to evolve as that of protecting the world's resources while its true agenda is to control the world's resources.

The industrial change is a slow process, it took centuries to get evolved. In the early stage, there were no factories and production took place in the house. With time new machines were invented that decreased the labors efficiency and increased the production. A change occurred when production shifted to the factories and they felt the need of new machines and transportation system to spread the industries world wide. This was a slow process and took a lot of time to in industrial change.

The most basic outcomes of democracy should be that, it produces a government that is accountable to the citizens and responsive to the needs and expectation of the citizens.
  Democracy is based on the idea of deliberation and negotiation. So, some delay is bound to take place in democracy for decision-making and its implementation.

The outcomes of democracy are: 

1. Accountable , legitimate , responsive government: Democracy ensures free and fair elections. By doing so, it helps to install an accountable, legitimate and responsive government.

 2. Economic growth and development: It is expected from democracy to bring economic development because, it works on the principle of equality.

 3. Reduction of inequality and poverty : Equality before law is the principal outcome of democracy

 4. Accommodation of social diversity : Democracy is a binding force that facilitates people of all religions, races, caste or creed. Hence it accommodates social diversity.

 5. Dignity and freedom of the citizens: Democracy secures multiple rights of the individual to keep his dignity and freedom intact.

 i)Even before factories began to be widespread in England and Europe, there was a large-scale industrial production for international market.
(ii) This was not based on factories.
(iii) Many historians now refer to this phase of industrialisation as proto-industrialisation.

Iron is the backbone of the industrial development of a country. Iron and steel is the basic industry and it provides raw materials, all types of machinery to run other industries. High grade of iron ores are found in India. This sector has helped in the generation of several small scale industries, supporting power, transport, communication Industries in India. Iron is required for the development of infrastructure like bridges and also for the manufacturing of modes of transportation like trains and ships etc. To meet the needs of increasing population, excessive industrialization, India has substantially increased its production of iron and steel.

(i) WTO deals with regulation of trade between participating countries.
(ii) WTO provides a forum for negotiations and for setting disputes.
(iii) It is also a centre of economic research and analysis.
(iv) It is an organisation that intends to supervise and liberalise international trade.
(v) It oversees the implementation, administration and operations of the covered agreements.

 (i) Existence of political parties in a representative democracy ensures that the country runs as per its policies and ideologies and has a responsive and accountable government that is answerable to the people.
 (ii) Without political parties, candidates elected will be independent, will be accountable to their constituency for what they do in the locality.
 (iii) Political parties are required so that a country is governed as per set ideologies and will be responsible for how the country will be run.

Partisanship a term used when a politican steadfastly supports the official party line and refuses to engage with the opposition party of his parent outfit.

At present, the value of India's currency "rupee" is continuously falling and its value has declined by 12% between January - September 2018. Among the BRICS nations; after the Russian Ruble, the Indian rupee depreciated the most in this period. Now the exchange rate between the dollar and rupee is hovering around Rs.72.51= 1 dollar.

We should worry about underemployment as due to this, the earning capacity of a person is reduced, resulting in a poor standard of living. Ultimately this can also lead to poverty.

Problems faced by cotton textile industries in India are
(i) Power supply is erratic. Regular power supply without breaks is mandatory for this industry.
(ii) Output of labour is low because the machinery is outdated. Particularly in the weaving and processing sectors, the machinery needs to be upgraded.
(iii) This industry faces stiff competition from the synthetic fibre industry in terms of cost and convenience of use.

The factors which have enabled globalisation in India are
(i) During the past ,50 years, several improvements in technology have taken place. For example, in transportation technology, containers are now used for the transportation of goods. This has led to huge reduction in cost and increase in speed in reaching the markets.
(ii)Telecommunication facilities are used to contact one another around the world and to communicate from remote areas. Internet enables us to send instant electronic mail and talk across the world at negligible costs.
(iii) The Government of India has removed barriers or restrictions to trade set earlier. This step, called liberalisaHon, ha enabled goods and services to be exported and imported easily.
Multinationals lave been allowed to set-up factories and offices in India. Due to this, there is greater integration of poduction and markets across countries.