El darado was the flable city of gold for which many expedition were set off to find it.

Thorium.the monozite sands are found in the coastal beaches of Kerala. It occurs usually in small isolated crystals. It is often found in placer deposits. India, Madagascar, and South Africa have large deposits of monazite sands. The deposits in India are particularly rich in monazite.

The causes of the Great Depression were

(i) Conditions created by war There was an immense industrial expansion due to the increased demand of goods supplied to the army, during the period of the First World War. After the war, the demand for these goods suddenly dropped and so, there was no demand in many industries. There was also a large fall in the agricultural prices due to reduced demand.
(ii) Over production in agriculture Agricultural over production was another major factor responsible for the depression. This was made worse by falling agricultural .prices. As prices slumped and agricultural incomes declined, the farmers tried to increase the production and bring a larger volume of produce to the market to maintain their overall income. This worsened the situation by pushing down the prices of farm produce further.
(iii) Shortage of loans In the mid-1920s, many countries financed their investments through loans from the USA. While it was often very easy to raise loans in the USA during the boom period, lenders in the USA panicked at the first sign of trouble. Countries that depend crucially on US loans, now faced an acute crisis.
(iv) Multiple effect With the fall in prices and the prospect of a depression i.e. banks in the USA slashed domestic lending and some stopped bank loans, thousands of banks went bankrupt and were forced to close down. Factories closed, leading to unemployment, which further aggravated the crises. The US banking system collapsed.
(v) Large-scale unemployment Farm could not sell their harvests, businesses collapsed. As a result, large scale unemployment occurred.

<button title="Previous question"></button>

• The three determinants which determine the outcome of social divisions are as follows: <button data-answer-id="2542328" data-answer-thanks="22">(1) How the people perceive their identities -</button>If people see their identities in single and exclusive terms, it becomes difficult to accodomate them. However if they see it as complementary to the national identity it is easier to accommodate them. 

• 
  (2) How the leaders raise demands- 
  If the leaders pit groups against each other it becomes difficult to accodomate them and it may lead to violence. However if they voice the demands in a peaceful and democratic manner it is much simpler. 
  
  3) How the government reacts - 
  If the government is willing to accommodate, the outcome of social divisions is not negative. However if they refuse to accept the demands of a social division like in Sri Lanka, it leads to civil strife. 

We prefer democratic government because it is a better form of government compared its other counterparts. The following features strengthen the arguments for it: 

1. A democratic government is a legitimate and more accountable form of government.
2. Democracy improves quality of decision-making.
3. It provides methods to deal with differences and conflicts.
4. It enhances the dignity of the citizens.
5. It allows to correct its own mistakes.

(i) With the advent of printing press a new reading public emerged. The books became cheaper as printing technology reduced the cost of production.

(ii) As books flooded the market, readership increased and books now reached to larger number of people.

(iii) Access to books created a new reading culture. Earlier reading was restricted to the elite only- common people lived in world of word culture who heard sacred text read out to them or ballads recited or folk tales narrated.

(iv) Now a reading public came into being. But book could be read only by literate people, keeping this point of view, printers published popular ballads and folk tales with lot of pictures which could be read to illiterate public. These ballads, tales could then be sung or read out to those who could not read.

(v) Thus printed material could be orally transmitted at gatherings and taverns. Reading public and hearing public thus got intermingled.

A challenge is not just any problem. 

We call only those difficulties a ‘challenge’ which are significant and which can be overcome. 

A challenge is a difficulty that carries within it an opportunity for progress. 

Once we overcome a challenge we go up to a higher level than before.

(i) the industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its production as it produces equipments like tractors, harvesters,threshers etc.
(ii) just like on the other hand, agro based industries depend on agriculture for its raw material like  cotton,sugercane,jute,edible oils, etc.

1) Banks keep a small proportion of their deposits as cash with themselves to pay the depositors who might come to withdraw money from the bank on any given day.

2) Banks use the major portion of the deposits to extend loans. In this way, banks mediate between those who have surplus funds (the depositors) those who are in need of these funds (the borrowers). Banks charge a higher interest rate on loans than what they offer on deposits. The difference between what is charged from borrowers and what is paid to depositors is their main source of income.

The differences can be gauged from the following:Caste in PoliticsPolitics in castea. When we refer to caste in politics, we refer to various forms caste can takein politics, and how this issue which is indeed a social factor gets politicised.Politics in caste, explains how politics impacts caste, it explains how various caste based groups are trying to assert their rights in their quest to acquire power and authority.b. For instance, Caste has also emerged as major vote bank factor during elections. Political parties try to muster support on the basis of casteby exploiting the caste sentiments of the people, fielding candidates of a particular caste to reach out to more and more peopleWe may give example rise of many caste based groups, forwardor backward caste groups who with the support of caste based parties, have been influencing the decisions of the government.c.With legal and political rights beingextended to the historically most marginalised community members, political parties try to expandtheir support base.We have seen rise of many caste based groups and of caste based parties, have been wielding considerable power in their respective statesand influencing the decisions of the central government.d. Caste in politics also explains how caste is an importantfactor in elections, ifnot the only factor.These groups have also entered into bargaining and negotiations among themselves for the purpose of wielding more power, The Dalits, OBC''s have acquired political consciousness pressed for reservations.

Power sharing between groups help solve conflicts. It ensures representation of all groups.
eg: Development committee involves politicians , environmentalists, capitalists who discuss in order to take collective decisions.

Democracy is a better form of government because of the following reasons:

- It promotes equality among citizens.

- It enhances the dignity of the individual.

- It also improves the quality of decision making.

- It provides a method in order to resolve conflicts.

- It allows room to correct mistakes

A country’s economic development depends on the following factors:

• Country’s population, size
• Its global situation
• Cooperation from other countries
• Economic priorities adopted by the country
  However, the difference in the rates of economic development between less developed countries with dictatorship and democracies is negligible.

Significance of tourism as a trade in India is stated in the points below
(i) Our country earns foreign exchange through tourism.
(ii) It promotes national integration.
(iii) It provides support to cultural pursuits and
develops international understanding about cultural heritage.

Provisions of Treaty of Vienna :
(1) Bourbon dynasty was restored to power in France.
(2) France lost territories annexed under Napolean.
(3) The kingdom of Netherlands was set up in north and Genoa was added to Piedmont in the south.
(4) Prussia given new territories on its western frontier.
(5) Austria was given Northern Italy.

Zollverein was  customs Union. It was formed in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia. Most of the German States join this union. This Trade union aimed at abolishing tariff barriers and reducing the number of currencies from 30 to 2. According to Friedrich list a professor of Economics at the University of Tubingen in Germany, “The aim of the Zollverein is to bind the Germans economically into a nation. It will strengthen the nation materially as much by protecting its interest and ought to awaken and raise the national sentiment.”

Modern state: A state in which power is centralised and exercised by sovereign control over a clearly defined territory.
Nation-state: Nation-state is one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, come to develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.

• With the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north, the NLF or the National Liberation Front fought for the unification of the country.
• It was able to overthrow the Bao Dai regime in South Vietnam.
• It defeated his dictatorial rule and brought peace in the country.