Bao Dai was a puppet king who was made emperor of South Vietnam after the Geneva Conference. The Vietnam was divided into two countries. Ho Chi Minh and communist took power in the north while Bao Dai’s regime was put in power in the south.

‘Democracy’ means giving every citizen the right and power to make the decisions through their elected representatives. Power sharing is dividing power among various social groups to give them equal representation in the governance. Power sharing is the essence of democracy where every individual, irrespective of cultural and language differences feel involved in the political system

(i) Some of the services are beyond the capacity of the private sector. Collecting money from thousands of people who can use the facilities is not easy. Even if they provide these things, they would charge a high rate for their use.
(ii) Examples are construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams, etc. Thus government has to undertake such heavy spending and ensure that these facilities are available for everyone.
(iii) The government must spend on providing health and education facilities for all, running proper schools and providing quality education is the duty of the government. India's size of illiterate population is one of the largest in the world.
(iv) Nearly half of India's children are malnourished and a quarter of them are critically ill. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition. It is also the duty of the government to take care of the poorest and the most ignored regions of the country through increased spending in such areas.

(i) Some of the services are beyond the capacity of the private sector. Collecting money from thousands of people who can use the facilities is not easy. Even if they provide these things, they would charge a high rate for their use.
(ii) Examples are construction of roads, bridges, railways, harbours, generating electricity, providing irrigation through dams, etc. Thus government has to undertake such heavy spending and ensure that these facilities are available for everyone.
(iii) The government must spend on providing health and education facilities for all, running proper schools and providing quality education is the duty of the government. India's size of illiterate population is one of the largest in the world.
(iv) Nearly half of India's children are malnourished and a quarter of them are critically ill. Government also needs to pay attention to aspects of human development such as availability of safe drinking water, housing facilities for the poor and food and nutrition. It is also the duty of the government to take care of the poorest and the most ignored regions of the country through increased spending in such areas.

The ethnics composition of Belgium, a small country is very complex. Of the country’s total population, 59 per cent live in the Flemish region and speak Dutch language. Another 40 per cent people live in the Wallonia region and speak French. Remaining 1 per cent of the Belgians speak German. In the capital city, Brussels, about 80 per cent people speak French while 20 per cent are Dutch-speaking.

Power sharing is the need in democracy because of the following:

• It helps in reducing the possibility of conflict between the social groups. Since social conflict often leads to violence and political instability, power sharing is a good way to ensure the stability of political order.
• It gives people the right to be consulted on how they should be governed and all the citizens tend to have the same political and legal rights.

Thus, it can be said that power sharing is the spirit of democracy.
Also, though it may seem that dividing of powers means dividing the nation or for that matter weakening the country, however the above reasons prove that in the long run it assists in building the unity of the nation.

The novel sevasadan had focused on the social evils against women like dowry exploitation and child marriage etc.

1.  Different tiers of government govern the same citizens, but each tier has its own jurisdiction in specific matters of legislation, taxation and administration.

2. The jurisdictions of the respective levels or tiers of government are specified in the constitution.

3. The fundamental provisions of the constitution cannot be unilaterally changed by one level of government. Such changes require the consent of both the levels of government.

4. Courts have the power to interpret the constitution and the powers of different levels of government.

5. Sources of revenue for each level of government are clearly specified to ensure its financial autonomy.

6. The federal system thus has dual objectives: to safeguard and promote unity of the country, while at the same time accommodate regional diversity.

(i) For a large number of small producers, globalisation has posed major problems. These producers were not able to free the competition from large foreign producers and hence several of such production units had to shut down, rendering workers jobless.
(ii) Workers in MNCs are employed on* temporary basis . and laid off without any compensation during the slack period.

Views of Paul Bernard regarding the development of colonies by the mother country :
(i) He believed that the economy of the colonies needed to be developed.
(ii) If the economy was developed and the standard of living of the people improved, they would buy more goods. The market would consequently expand, leading to better profits for French business.
(iii) Bernard suggested that there were several barriers to economic growth in Vietnam like high population levels, low agricultural productivity and extensive indebtedness amongst the peasants.
(iv) To reduce rural poverty and increase agricultural productivity, it was necessary to carry out land reforms as the Japanese had done in the 1890's.
(v) As the experience of Japan showed, industrialization would be essential to create more jobs.

The first project if land reclamation began on 1784. It was approved by the governor of Bombay, William hornby. The great sea wall built as part of this project to prevent the flooding of the low lying areas of Bombay.

As the population of Bombay was increasing, the need for commercial space was also increased,it led to the formulation of several plans.
Both Governement and private tried for the reclamation of more land from the sea.
In 1864 , the Back Bay Reclamation Company won the right to reclaim the Western foreshore from the tip of Malabar hill to the end of Colaba.
The hills around Bombay were leveled.  A successful reclamation project was undertaqkem by the Bombay Port Trust, which built a dry dock between 1914 and 1918 , subsequently , the famous Marine Drive of Bombay was developed.

• Cotton and metals were the most dynamic industries in Britain. During the first phase of industrialization (upto 1840s), cotton was the leading sector. The iron and steel industries grew rapidly with the expansion of railways. The railways expanded in England from the 1840s and in the colonies from 1860s. By 1873, the export of iron and steel from Britain was valued at about 77 million pounds. This was double the value of cotton export.
• At the end of the nineteenth century, less than 20% of total workforce was employed in technologically advanced industrial sectors. This shows that the traditional industry could not be displaced by the new industries.
• The cotton or metal industries could not set the change of pace in the traditional industries. But the traditional industries experienced many changes which were brought by small and apparently ordinary innovations. Food processing, building, pottery, glasswork, tanning, furniture making and production of implements were such industries.
• The new technology took a long time to spread across the industrial landscape. High cost of machines and costly repair scared the merchants and industrialists. The new machines were not as effective as claimed by their inventors and manufacturers.
• Historians acknowledge the fact that the typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century was not a machine operator but the traditional craftsperson and labourer.

The slavic nationalist struggled in the 19th century because the slavic nations existed as separate states and kingdoms.these were easily prone to conquers by other powers like Russia, Britain etc,. in a bid to unite all these small slavic nations, the slavic nation struggle took place.

Agriculture and industry are complementary to each other.
(i) Agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.
(ii) Industry has contributed to agriculture by using the implements like irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, ’ machines tools sprinkles, drip irrigation systems etc.
(iii) Thus, development and competitiveness and manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturalists in increasing their productivity, but also made production process very efficient.
(iv) In the present day world of globalisation, industry needs to the more efficient and competitive.
(v) Today we are not only self sufficient in agriculture but our farmers are able to complete with other farmers in the world and India is able to produce goods for the international market.

(i) Construction of trans-Indo-China rail network linked the Northern and Southern parts of Vietnam and China.
(ii) The final link with Yunnan in China was completed by 1910.
(iii) The second line was built linking Vietnam to Siam (Thailand) via the Cambodia's capital of Phnom Penh.